我在Python 2.6.5的Windows上尝试了@senderle对Vartec解决方案的旋转，但我得到了错误，没有其他解决方案有效。我的错误是:WindowsError:[错误6]句柄无效。

我发现我必须将PIPE分配给每个句柄，以使它返回我所期望的输出——下面的方法对我有用。

import subprocess

def run_command(cmd):
    """given shell command, returns communication tuple of stdout and stderr"""
    return subprocess.Popen(cmd, 
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
                            stderr=subprocess.PIPE, 
                            stdin=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()

然后像这样调用，([0]获取元组的第一个元素，stdout):

run_command('tracert 11.1.0.1')[0]

在了解了更多信息后，我认为我需要这些管道参数，因为我正在开发一个使用不同句柄的自定义系统，因此我必须直接控制所有std。

要停止控制台弹出窗口(Windows)，请执行以下操作:

def run_command(cmd):
    """given shell command, returns communication tuple of stdout and stderr"""
    # instantiate a startupinfo obj:
    startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
    # set the use show window flag, might make conditional on being in Windows:
    startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
    # pass as the startupinfo keyword argument:
    return subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
                            stderr=subprocess.PIPE, 
                            stdin=subprocess.PIPE, 
                            startupinfo=startupinfo).communicate()

run_command('tracert 11.1.0.1')

改进以获得更好的日志记录。 为了获得更好的输出，可以使用迭代器。 从下面开始，我们变得更好

from subprocess import Popen, getstatusoutput, PIPE
def shell_command(cmd):
    result = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)

    output = iter(result.stdout.readline, b'')
    error = iter(result.stderr.readline, b'')
    print("##### OutPut ###")
    for line in output:
        print(line.decode("utf-8"))
    print("###### Error ########")
    for line in error:
        print(error.decode("utf-8")) # Convert bytes to str

    status, terminal_output = run_command(cmd)
    print(terminal_output)

shell_command("ls") # this will display all the files & folders in directory

使用getstatusoutput的其他方法(容易理解)

from subprocess import Popen, getstatusoutput, PIPE

status_Code, output = getstausoutput(command)
print(output) # this will give the terminal output

# status_code, output = getstatusoutput("ls") # this will print the all files & folder available in the directory

可以使用以下命令运行任何shell命令。我在ubuntu上使用过它们。

import os
os.popen('your command here').read()

注意:自python 2.6起已弃用。现在必须使用subprocess.Popen。下面是示例

import subprocess

p = subprocess.Popen("Your command", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
print p.split("\n")

这里有一个解决方案，如果你想在进程运行或不运行时打印输出。

我还添加了当前工作目录，这对我来说很有用不止一次。

希望这个解决方案能帮助到别人:)。

import subprocess

def run_command(cmd_and_args, print_constantly=False, cwd=None):
"""Runs a system command.

:param cmd_and_args: the command to run with or without a Pipe (|).
:param print_constantly: If True then the output is logged in continuous until the command ended.
:param cwd: the current working directory (the directory from which you will like to execute the command)
:return: - a tuple containing the return code, the stdout and the stderr of the command
"""
output = []

process = subprocess.Popen(cmd_and_args, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=cwd)

while True:
    next_line = process.stdout.readline()
    if next_line:
        output.append(str(next_line))
        if print_constantly:
            print(next_line)
    elif not process.poll():
        break

error = process.communicate()[1]

return process.returncode, '\n'.join(output), error

这要简单得多，但只适用于Unix(包括Cygwin)和Python2.7。

import commands
print commands.getstatusoutput('wc -l file')

它返回一个元组(return_value, output)。

对于在Python2和Python3中都可以工作的解决方案，请使用subprocess模块:

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
output = Popen(["date"],stdout=PIPE)
response = output.communicate()
print response

Vartec的答案不读取所有的行，所以我做了一个版本:

def run_command(command):
    p = subprocess.Popen(command,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')

用法与公认的答案相同:

command = 'mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12'.split()
for line in run_command(command):
    print(line)