根据@senderle的说法，如果你像我一样使用python3.6:

def sh(cmd, input=""):
    rst = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, input=input.encode("utf-8"))
    assert rst.returncode == 0, rst.stderr.decode("utf-8")
    return rst.stdout.decode("utf-8")

sh("ls -a")

将完全像您在bash中运行命令一样

这里有一个解决方案，如果你想在进程运行或不运行时打印输出。

我还添加了当前工作目录，这对我来说很有用不止一次。

希望这个解决方案能帮助到别人:)。

import subprocess

def run_command(cmd_and_args, print_constantly=False, cwd=None):
"""Runs a system command.

:param cmd_and_args: the command to run with or without a Pipe (|).
:param print_constantly: If True then the output is logged in continuous until the command ended.
:param cwd: the current working directory (the directory from which you will like to execute the command)
:return: - a tuple containing the return code, the stdout and the stderr of the command
"""
output = []

process = subprocess.Popen(cmd_and_args, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=cwd)

while True:
    next_line = process.stdout.readline()
    if next_line:
        output.append(str(next_line))
        if print_constantly:
            print(next_line)
    elif not process.poll():
        break

error = process.communicate()[1]

return process.returncode, '\n'.join(output), error

Vartec的答案不读取所有的行，所以我做了一个版本:

def run_command(command):
    p = subprocess.Popen(command,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')

用法与公认的答案相同:

command = 'mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12'.split()
for line in run_command(command):
    print(line)

如果您需要在多个文件上运行shell命令，这对我来说很有用。

import os
import subprocess

# Define a function for running commands and capturing stdout line by line
# (Modified from Vartec's solution because it wasn't printing all lines)
def runProcess(exe):    
    p = subprocess.Popen(exe, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')

# Get all filenames in working directory
for filename in os.listdir('./'):
    # This command will be run on each file
    cmd = 'nm ' + filename

    # Run the command and capture the output line by line.
    for line in runProcess(cmd.split()):
        # Eliminate leading and trailing whitespace
        line.strip()
        # Split the output 
        output = line.split()

        # Filter the output and print relevant lines
        if len(output) > 2:
            if ((output[2] == 'set_program_name')):
                print filename
                print line

编辑:刚刚看到Max Persson的解决方案和J.F. Sebastian的建议。继续把它整合进去。

对于相同的问题，我有一个稍微不同的需求:

捕获并返回STDOUT消息，因为它们在STDOUT缓冲区中累积(即实时)。 @vartec用python方法解决了这个问题，他使用生成器和“yield” 上面的字 打印所有STDOUT行(即使进程在STDOUT缓冲区可以完全读取之前退出) 不要浪费CPU周期以高频轮询进程 检查子流程的返回代码 如果得到非零错误返回码，则打印STDERR(与STDOUT分开)。

我综合了之前的答案，得出了以下结论:

import subprocess
from time import sleep

def run_command(command):
    p = subprocess.Popen(command,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         shell=True)
    # Read stdout from subprocess until the buffer is empty !
    for line in iter(p.stdout.readline, b''):
        if line: # Don't print blank lines
            yield line
    # This ensures the process has completed, AND sets the 'returncode' attr
    while p.poll() is None:                                                                                                                                        
        sleep(.1) #Don't waste CPU-cycles
    # Empty STDERR buffer
    err = p.stderr.read()
    if p.returncode != 0:
       # The run_command() function is responsible for logging STDERR 
       print("Error: " + str(err))

这段代码的执行方式与前面的答案相同:

for line in run_command(cmd):
    print(line)

在Python 3.7+中，使用subprocess.run并传递capture_output=True:

import subprocess
result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True)
print(repr(result.stdout))

这将返回字节:

b'hello world\n'

如果你想把字节转换成字符串，添加text=True:

result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(repr(result.stdout))

这将读取字节使用您的默认编码:

'hello world\n'

如果你需要手动指定不同的编码，使用encoding="your encoding"而不是text=True:

result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True, encoding="utf8")
print(repr(result.stdout))