我想编写一个函数，该函数将执行shell命令并将其输出作为字符串返回，无论它是错误消息还是成功消息。我只想得到和用命令行得到的相同的结果。
什么样的代码示例可以做到这一点呢?
例如:
def run_command(cmd):
# ??????
print run_command('mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12')
# Should output something like:
# mysqladmin: CREATE DATABASE failed; error: 'Can't create database 'test'; database exists'
当前回答
可以使用以下命令运行任何shell命令。我在ubuntu上使用过它们。
import os
os.popen('your command here').read()
注意:自python 2.6起已弃用。现在必须使用subprocess.Popen。下面是示例
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen("Your command", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
print p.split("\n")
其他回答
可以将输出重定向到文本文件，然后将其读回来。
import subprocess
import os
import tempfile
def execute_to_file(command):
"""
This function execute the command
and pass its output to a tempfile then read it back
It is usefull for process that deploy child process
"""
temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
temp_file.close()
path = temp_file.name
command = command + " > " + path
proc = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
if proc.stderr:
# if command failed return
os.unlink(path)
return
with open(path, 'r') as f:
data = f.read()
os.unlink(path)
return data
if __name__ == "__main__":
path = "Somepath"
command = 'ecls.exe /files ' + path
print(execute(command))
这里有一个解决方案，如果你想在进程运行或不运行时打印输出。
我还添加了当前工作目录，这对我来说很有用不止一次。
希望这个解决方案能帮助到别人:)。
import subprocess
def run_command(cmd_and_args, print_constantly=False, cwd=None):
"""Runs a system command.
:param cmd_and_args: the command to run with or without a Pipe (|).
:param print_constantly: If True then the output is logged in continuous until the command ended.
:param cwd: the current working directory (the directory from which you will like to execute the command)
:return: - a tuple containing the return code, the stdout and the stderr of the command
"""
output = []
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd_and_args, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=cwd)
while True:
next_line = process.stdout.readline()
if next_line:
output.append(str(next_line))
if print_constantly:
print(next_line)
elif not process.poll():
break
error = process.communicate()[1]
return process.returncode, '\n'.join(output), error
出于某种原因，这个方法适用于Python 2.7，你只需要导入操作系统!
import os
def bash(command):
output = os.popen(command).read()
return output
print_me = bash('ls -l')
print(print_me)
这要简单得多，但只适用于Unix(包括Cygwin)和Python2.7。
import commands
print commands.getstatusoutput('wc -l file')
它返回一个元组(return_value, output)。
对于在Python2和Python3中都可以工作的解决方案，请使用subprocess模块:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
output = Popen(["date"],stdout=PIPE)
response = output.communicate()
print response
我也遇到了同样的问题，但我想出了一个非常简单的方法:
import subprocess
output = subprocess.getoutput("ls -l")
print(output)
注意:此解决方案是特定于Python3的subprocess.getoutput()在Python2中不起作用
