如果您需要在多个文件上运行shell命令，这对我来说很有用。

import os
import subprocess

# Define a function for running commands and capturing stdout line by line
# (Modified from Vartec's solution because it wasn't printing all lines)
def runProcess(exe):    
    p = subprocess.Popen(exe, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')

# Get all filenames in working directory
for filename in os.listdir('./'):
    # This command will be run on each file
    cmd = 'nm ' + filename

    # Run the command and capture the output line by line.
    for line in runProcess(cmd.split()):
        # Eliminate leading and trailing whitespace
        line.strip()
        # Split the output 
        output = line.split()

        # Filter the output and print relevant lines
        if len(output) > 2:
            if ((output[2] == 'set_program_name')):
                print filename
                print line

编辑:刚刚看到Max Persson的解决方案和J.F. Sebastian的建议。继续把它整合进去。

这要简单得多，但只适用于Unix(包括Cygwin)和Python2.7。

import commands
print commands.getstatusoutput('wc -l file')

它返回一个元组(return_value, output)。

对于在Python2和Python3中都可以工作的解决方案，请使用subprocess模块:

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
output = Popen(["date"],stdout=PIPE)
response = output.communicate()
print response

例如，execute('ls -ahl') 区分三/四种可能的回报和操作系统平台:

没有输出，但运行成功 输出空行，运行成功 运行失败 输出一些东西，成功运行

下面的函数

def execute(cmd, output=True, DEBUG_MODE=False):
"""Executes a bash command.
(cmd, output=True)
output: whether print shell output to screen, only affects screen display, does not affect returned values
return: ...regardless of output=True/False...
        returns shell output as a list with each elment is a line of string (whitespace stripped both sides) from output
        could be 
        [], ie, len()=0 --> no output;    
        [''] --> output empty line;     
        None --> error occured, see below

        if error ocurs, returns None (ie, is None), print out the error message to screen
"""
if not DEBUG_MODE:
    print "Command: " + cmd

    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/40139101/2292993
    def _execute_cmd(cmd):
        if os.name == 'nt' or platform.system() == 'Windows':
            # set stdin, out, err all to PIPE to get results (other than None) after run the Popen() instance
            p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
        else:
            # Use bash; the default is sh
            p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True, executable="/bin/bash")

        # the Popen() instance starts running once instantiated (??)
        # additionally, communicate(), or poll() and wait process to terminate
        # communicate() accepts optional input as stdin to the pipe (requires setting stdin=subprocess.PIPE above), return out, err as tuple
        # if communicate(), the results are buffered in memory

        # Read stdout from subprocess until the buffer is empty !
        # if error occurs, the stdout is '', which means the below loop is essentially skipped
        # A prefix of 'b' or 'B' is ignored in Python 2; 
        # it indicates that the literal should become a bytes literal in Python 3 
        # (e.g. when code is automatically converted with 2to3).
        # return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')
        for line in iter(p.stdout.readline, b''):
            # # Windows has \r\n, Unix has \n, Old mac has \r
            # if line not in ['','\n','\r','\r\n']: # Don't print blank lines
                yield line
        while p.poll() is None:                                                                                                                                        
            sleep(.1) #Don't waste CPU-cycles
        # Empty STDERR buffer
        err = p.stderr.read()
        if p.returncode != 0:
            # responsible for logging STDERR 
            print("Error: " + str(err))
            yield None

    out = []
    for line in _execute_cmd(cmd):
        # error did not occur earlier
        if line is not None:
            # trailing comma to avoid a newline (by print itself) being printed
            if output: print line,
            out.append(line.strip())
        else:
            # error occured earlier
            out = None
    return out
else:
    print "Simulation! The command is " + cmd
    print ""

我也遇到了同样的问题，但我想出了一个非常简单的方法:

import subprocess
output = subprocess.getoutput("ls -l")
print(output)

注意:此解决方案是特定于Python3的subprocess.getoutput()在Python2中不起作用

我想建议你考虑一下simppl。它是一个可以通过pypi: pip install simppl获得的模块，运行在python3上。

Simppl允许用户运行shell命令并从屏幕上读取输出。

开发人员建议使用三种类型的用例:

最简单的用法是这样的: 从simppl。simple_pipeline导入simepipeline sp = SimplePipeline(start=0, end=100): sp.print_and_run(“< YOUR_FIRST_OS_COMMAND >”) sp.print_and_run(“< YOUR_SECOND_OS_COMMAND >”)' ' '

要同时运行多个命令，请使用: commands = ['<YOUR_FIRST_OS_COMMAND>'， '<YOUR_SECOND_OS_COMMAND>'] Max_number_of_processes = 4 max_number_of_processes sp.run_parallel(命令)' ' '

最后，如果你的项目使用cli模块，你可以直接运行另一个command_line_tool作为管道的一部分。另一个工具会 从相同的进程中运行，但它将从日志中显示为 管道中的另一个命令。这使得调试和 重构调用其他工具的工具。 从example_module导入example_tool Sp.print_and_run_clt (example_tool.run， ['first_number'， 'second_nmber']， {'-key1': 'val1'， '-key2': 'val2'}， {“——国旗”})' ' '

请注意，打印到STDOUT/STDERR是通过python的日志模块。

下面是simppl工作原理的完整代码:

import logging
from logging.config import dictConfig

logging_config = dict(
    version = 1,
    formatters = {
        'f': {'format':
              '%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s'}
        },
    handlers = {
        'h': {'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
              'formatter': 'f',
              'level': logging.DEBUG}
        },
    root = {
        'handlers': ['h'],
        'level': logging.DEBUG,
        },
)
dictConfig(logging_config)

from simppl.simple_pipeline import SimplePipeline
sp = SimplePipeline(0, 100)
sp.print_and_run('ls')

下面是一个简单而灵活的解决方案，适用于各种操作系统版本，以及Python 2和3，在shell模式下使用IPython:

from IPython.terminal.embed import InteractiveShellEmbed
my_shell = InteractiveShellEmbed()
result = my_shell.getoutput("echo hello world")
print(result)

Out: ['hello world']

它有几个优点

它只需要安装IPython，所以在使用它时，你真的不需要担心特定的Python或操作系统版本，它附带Jupyter -具有广泛的支持 它默认接受一个简单的字符串-所以不需要使用shell模式参数或字符串拆分，使它在我看来稍微干净一些 它还使替换变量甚至字符串本身的整个Python命令更加干净

为了演示:

var = "hello world "
result = my_shell.getoutput("echo {var*2}")
print(result)

Out: ['hello world hello world']

只是想给你一个额外的选择，特别是如果你已经安装了Jupyter

当然，如果你在一个实际的Jupyter笔记本，而不是一个.py脚本，你也可以总是这样做:

result = !echo hello world
print(result)

为了达到同样的目的。