我想编写一个函数，该函数将执行shell命令并将其输出作为字符串返回，无论它是错误消息还是成功消息。我只想得到和用命令行得到的相同的结果。
什么样的代码示例可以做到这一点呢?
例如:
def run_command(cmd):
# ??????
print run_command('mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12')
# Should output something like:
# mysqladmin: CREATE DATABASE failed; error: 'Can't create database 'test'; database exists'
当前回答
Vartec的答案不读取所有的行，所以我做了一个版本:
def run_command(command):
p = subprocess.Popen(command,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')
用法与公认的答案相同:
command = 'mysqladmin create test -uroot -pmysqladmin12'.split()
for line in run_command(command):
print(line)
其他回答
可以将输出重定向到文本文件，然后将其读回来。
import subprocess
import os
import tempfile
def execute_to_file(command):
"""
This function execute the command
and pass its output to a tempfile then read it back
It is usefull for process that deploy child process
"""
temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
temp_file.close()
path = temp_file.name
command = command + " > " + path
proc = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
if proc.stderr:
# if command failed return
os.unlink(path)
return
with open(path, 'r') as f:
data = f.read()
os.unlink(path)
return data
if __name__ == "__main__":
path = "Somepath"
command = 'ecls.exe /files ' + path
print(execute(command))
出于某种原因，这个方法适用于Python 2.7，你只需要导入操作系统!
import os
def bash(command):
output = os.popen(command).read()
return output
print_me = bash('ls -l')
print(print_me)
根据@senderle的说法，如果你像我一样使用python3.6:
def sh(cmd, input=""):
rst = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, input=input.encode("utf-8"))
assert rst.returncode == 0, rst.stderr.decode("utf-8")
return rst.stdout.decode("utf-8")
sh("ls -a")
将完全像您在bash中运行命令一样
如果您需要在多个文件上运行shell命令，这对我来说很有用。
import os
import subprocess
# Define a function for running commands and capturing stdout line by line
# (Modified from Vartec's solution because it wasn't printing all lines)
def runProcess(exe):
p = subprocess.Popen(exe, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')
# Get all filenames in working directory
for filename in os.listdir('./'):
# This command will be run on each file
cmd = 'nm ' + filename
# Run the command and capture the output line by line.
for line in runProcess(cmd.split()):
# Eliminate leading and trailing whitespace
line.strip()
# Split the output
output = line.split()
# Filter the output and print relevant lines
if len(output) > 2:
if ((output[2] == 'set_program_name')):
print filename
print line
编辑:刚刚看到Max Persson的解决方案和J.F. Sebastian的建议。继续把它整合进去。
下面是一个简单而灵活的解决方案，适用于各种操作系统版本，以及Python 2和3，在shell模式下使用IPython:
from IPython.terminal.embed import InteractiveShellEmbed
my_shell = InteractiveShellEmbed()
result = my_shell.getoutput("echo hello world")
print(result)
Out: ['hello world']
它有几个优点
它只需要安装IPython，所以在使用它时，你真的不需要担心特定的Python或操作系统版本，它附带Jupyter -具有广泛的支持 它默认接受一个简单的字符串-所以不需要使用shell模式参数或字符串拆分，使它在我看来稍微干净一些 它还使替换变量甚至字符串本身的整个Python命令更加干净
为了演示:
var = "hello world "
result = my_shell.getoutput("echo {var*2}")
print(result)
Out: ['hello world hello world']
只是想给你一个额外的选择，特别是如果你已经安装了Jupyter
当然，如果你在一个实际的Jupyter笔记本，而不是一个.py脚本，你也可以总是这样做:
result = !echo hello world
print(result)
为了达到同样的目的。
