从hex到black或white:

function hexToRgb(hex) {
  var result = /^#?([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})$/i.exec(hex);
  return result
    ? [
        parseInt(result[1], 16),
        parseInt(result[2], 16),
        parseInt(result[3], 16)
      ]
    : [0, 0, 0];
}

function lum(hex) {
  var rgb = hexToRgb(hex)
  var lrgb = [];
  rgb.forEach(function(c) {
    c = c / 255.0;
    if (c <= 0.03928) {
      c = c / 12.92;
    } else {
      c = Math.pow((c + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
    }
    lrgb.push(c);
  });
  var lum = 0.2126 * lrgb[0] + 0.7152 * lrgb[1] + 0.0722 * lrgb[2];
  return lum > 0.179 ? "#000000" : "#ffffff";
}

这只是一个示例，它将在单击元素时更改SVG复选标记的颜色。它将根据所单击元素的背景色将复选标记颜色设置为黑色或白色。

checkmarkColor: function(el) {
    var self = el;
    var contrast = function checkContrast(rgb) {
        // @TODO check for HEX value

        // Get RGB value between parenthesis, and remove any whitespace
        rgb = rgb.split(/\(([^)]+)\)/)[1].replace(/ /g, '');

        // map RGB values to variables
        var r = parseInt(rgb.split(',')[0], 10),
            g = parseInt(rgb.split(',')[1], 10),
            b = parseInt(rgb.split(',')[2], 10),
            a;

        // if RGBA, map alpha to variable (not currently in use)
        if (rgb.split(',')[3] !== null) {
            a = parseInt(rgb.split(',')[3], 10);
        }

        // calculate contrast of color (standard grayscale algorithmic formula)
        var contrast = (Math.round(r * 299) + Math.round(g * 587) + Math.round(b * 114)) / 1000;

        return (contrast >= 128) ? 'black' : 'white';
    };

    $('#steps .step.color .color-item .icon-ui-checkmark-shadow svg').css({
        'fill': contrast($(self).css('background-color'))
    });
}

onClickExtColor: function(evt) {
    var self = this;

    self.checkmarkColor(evt.currentTarget);
}

https://gist.github.com/dcondrey/183971f17808e9277572

从hex到black或white:

function hexToRgb(hex) {
  var result = /^#?([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})$/i.exec(hex);
  return result
    ? [
        parseInt(result[1], 16),
        parseInt(result[2], 16),
        parseInt(result[3], 16)
      ]
    : [0, 0, 0];
}

function lum(hex) {
  var rgb = hexToRgb(hex)
  var lrgb = [];
  rgb.forEach(function(c) {
    c = c / 255.0;
    if (c <= 0.03928) {
      c = c / 12.92;
    } else {
      c = Math.pow((c + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
    }
    lrgb.push(c);
  });
  var lum = 0.2126 * lrgb[0] + 0.7152 * lrgb[1] + 0.0722 * lrgb[2];
  return lum > 0.179 ? "#000000" : "#ffffff";
}

如果你像我一样正在寻找一个考虑alpha的RGBA版本，这里有一个非常好的工作，具有高对比度。

function getContrastColor(R, G, B, A) {
  const brightness = R * 0.299 + G * 0.587 + B * 0.114 + (1 - A) * 255;

  return brightness > 186 ? "#000000" : "#FFFFFF";
}

我在@SudoPlz提出的高级函数的基础上做了一个函数，它也考虑了浅色和深色:

function getTextColor (bgColor, lightColor = '#FFFFFF', darkColor = '#000000') {

  const getLuminance = function (hexColor) {
    var color = (hexColor.charAt(0) === '#') ? hexColor.substring(1, 7) : hexColor
    var r = parseInt(color.substring(0, 2), 16) // hexToR
    var g = parseInt(color.substring(2, 4), 16) // hexToG
    var b = parseInt(color.substring(4, 6), 16) // hexToB
    var uicolors = [r / 255, g / 255, b / 255]
    var c = uicolors.map(col => col <= 0.03928 ? col / 12.92 : ((col + 0.055) / 1.055) ** 2.4)

    return (0.2126 * c[0]) + (0.7152 * c[1]) + (0.0722 * c[2]);
  }

  var L = getLuminance(bgColor)
  var L1 = getLuminance(lightColor)
  var L2 = getLuminance(darkColor)

  return (L > Math.sqrt((L1 + 0.05) * (L2 + 0.05)) - 0.05) ? darkColor : lightColor;
}

因此，如果深色文本不是黑色而是栗色，灰色背景上的推荐文本颜色会变成白色:

getTextColor('#808080')
"#000000"

getTextColor('#808080', '#FFFFFF', '#800000')
"#FFFFFF"

马克的详细回答非常有用。下面是一个javascript实现:

function lum(rgb) {
    var lrgb = [];
    rgb.forEach(function(c) {
        c = c / 255.0;
        if (c <= 0.03928) {
            c = c / 12.92;
        } else {
            c = Math.pow((c + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
        }
        lrgb.push(c);
    });
    var lum = 0.2126 * lrgb[0] + 0.7152 * lrgb[1] + 0.0722 * lrgb[2];
    return (lum > 0.179) ? '#000000' : '#ffffff';
}

然后可以调用这个函数lum([111, 22, 255])来获得白色或黑色。