你不能在一个PHP类中放入两个具有唯一参数签名的__construct函数。我想这样做:
class Student
{
protected $id;
protected $name;
// etc.
public function __construct($id){
$this->id = $id;
// other members are still uninitialized
}
public function __construct($row_from_database){
$this->id = $row_from_database->id;
$this->name = $row_from_database->name;
// etc.
}
}
PHP中最好的方法是什么?
在创建具有不同签名的多个构造函数时,我也面临着同样的问题,但不幸的是,PHP没有提供直接的方法来这样做。然而,我发现了一个技巧来克服它。希望也适用于你们所有人。
<?PHP
class Animal
{
public function __construct()
{
$arguments = func_get_args();
$numberOfArguments = func_num_args();
if (method_exists($this, $function = '__construct'.$numberOfArguments)) {
call_user_func_array(array($this, $function), $arguments);
}
}
public function __construct1($a1)
{
echo('__construct with 1 param called: '.$a1.PHP_EOL);
}
public function __construct2($a1, $a2)
{
echo('__construct with 2 params called: '.$a1.','.$a2.PHP_EOL);
}
public function __construct3($a1, $a2, $a3)
{
echo('__construct with 3 params called: '.$a1.','.$a2.','.$a3.PHP_EOL);
}
}
$o = new Animal('sheep');
$o = new Animal('sheep','cat');
$o = new Animal('sheep','cat','dog');
// __construct with 1 param called: sheep
// __construct with 2 params called: sheep,cat
// __construct with 3 params called: sheep,cat,dog
从PHP 8开始,我们可以使用命名参数:
class Student {
protected int $id;
protected string $name;
public function __construct(int $id = null, string $name = null, array $row_from_database = null) {
if ($id !== null && $name !== null && $row_from_database === null) {
$this->id = $id;
$this->name = $name;
} elseif ($id === null && $name === null
&& $row_from_database !== null
&& array_keys($row_from_database) === [ 'id', 'name' ]
&& is_int($row_from_database['id'])
&& is_string($row_from_database['name'])) {
$this->id = $row_from_database['id'];
$this->name = $row_from_database['name'];
} else {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid arguments');
}
}
}
$student1 = new Student(id: 3, name: 'abc');
$student2 = new Student(row_from_database: [ 'id' => 4, 'name' => 'def' ]);
通过适当的检查,可以排除无效的参数组合,这样创建的实例在构造函数的末尾是一个有效的实例(但错误只会在运行时检测到)。
这个问题已经用非常聪明的方法回答了,但我想知道为什么不退一步,问一个基本的问题,为什么我们需要一个有两个构造函数的类?
如果我的类需要两个构造函数,那么我设计类的方式可能需要更多的考虑,以提出一个更干净、更可测试的设计。
我们正在尝试混合如何实例化一个类与实际的类逻辑。
如果一个学生对象是在一个有效的状态,那么它是否从一个DB或从一个web表单或cli请求的数据行构造?
现在回答这个问题,可能出现的,如果我们不添加从db行创建一个对象的逻辑,那么我们如何创建一个对象从数据库数据,我们可以简单地添加另一个类,称之为StudentMapper如果你熟悉数据映射模式,在某些情况下,您可以使用StudentRepository,如果没有适合你的需要你可以StudentFactory处理所有类型的对象建设任务。
当我们在处理领域对象时,底线是不要考虑持久化层。
我知道我在这方面非常晚,但我提出了一个相当灵活的模式,应该允许一些真正有趣和通用的实现。
像往常一样设置类,使用您喜欢的任何变量。
class MyClass{
protected $myVar1;
protected $myVar2;
public function __construct($obj = null){
if($obj){
foreach (((object)$obj) as $key => $value) {
if(isset($value) && in_array($key, array_keys(get_object_vars($this)))){
$this->$key = $value;
}
}
}
}
}
When you make your object just pass an associative array with the keys of the array the same as the names of your vars, like so...
$sample_variable = new MyClass([
'myVar2'=>123,
'i_dont_want_this_one'=> 'This won\'t make it into the class'
]);
print_r($sample_variable);
The print_r($sample_variable); after this instantiation yields the following:
MyClass Object ( [myVar1:protected] => [myVar2:protected] => 123 )
Because we've initialize $group to null in our __construct(...), it is also valid to pass nothing whatsoever into the constructor as well, like so...
$sample_variable = new MyClass();
print_r($sample_variable);
Now the output is exactly as expected:
MyClass Object ( [myVar1:protected] => [myVar2:protected] => )
The reason I wrote this was so that I could directly pass the output of json_decode(...) to my constructor, and not worry about it too much.
This was executed in PHP 7.1. Enjoy!
这是我对它的看法(为php 5.6构建)。
它将查看构造函数参数类型(数组,类名,无描述)并比较给定的参数。构造函数必须在最后以最少的特异性给出。例子:
// demo class
class X {
public $X;
public function __construct($x) {
$this->X = $x;
}
public function __toString() {
return 'X'.$this->X;
}
}
// demo class
class Y {
public $Y;
public function __construct($y) {
$this->Y = $y;
}
public function __toString() {
return 'Y'.$this->Y;
}
}
// here be magic
abstract class MultipleConstructors {
function __construct() {
$__get_arguments = func_get_args();
$__number_of_arguments = func_num_args();
$__reflect = new ReflectionClass($this);
foreach($__reflect->getMethods() as $__reflectmethod) {
$__method_name = $__reflectmethod->getName();
if (substr($__method_name, 0, strlen('__construct')) === '__construct') {
$__parms = $__reflectmethod->getParameters();
if (count($__parms) == $__number_of_arguments) {
$__argsFit = true;
foreach ($__parms as $__argPos => $__param) {
$__paramClass= $__param->getClass();
$__argVar = func_get_arg($__argPos);
$__argVarType = gettype($__argVar);
$__paramIsArray = $__param->isArray() == true;
$__argVarIsArray = $__argVarType == 'array';
// parameter is array and argument isn't, or the other way around.
if (($__paramIsArray && !$__argVarIsArray) ||
(!$__paramIsArray && $__argVarIsArray)) {
$__argsFit = false;
continue;
}
// class check
if ((!is_null($__paramClass) && $__argVarType != 'object') ||
(is_null($__paramClass) && $__argVarType == 'object')){
$__argsFit = false;
continue;
}
if (!is_null($__paramClass) && $__argVarType == 'object') {
// class type check
$__paramClassName = "N/A";
if ($__paramClass)
$__paramClassName = $__paramClass->getName();
if ($__paramClassName != get_class($__argVar)) {
$__argsFit = false;
}
}
}
if ($__argsFit) {
call_user_func_array(array($this, $__method_name), $__get_arguments);
return;
}
}
}
}
throw new Exception("No matching constructors");
}
}
// how to use multiple constructors
class A extends MultipleConstructors {
public $value;
function __constructB(array $hey) {
$this->value = 'Array#'.count($hey).'<br/>';
}
function __construct1(X $first) {
$this->value = $first .'<br/>';
}
function __construct2(Y $second) {
$this->value = $second .'<br/>';
}
function __constructA($hey) {
$this->value = $hey.'<br/>';
}
function __toString() {
return $this->value;
}
}
$x = new X("foo");
$y = new Y("bar");
$aa = new A(array("one", "two", "three"));
echo $aa;
$ar = new A("baz");
echo $ar;
$ax = new A($x);
echo $ax;
$ay = new A($y);
echo $ay;
结果:
Array#3
baz
Xfoo
Ybar
如果没有找到构造函数,可以将其删除并允许构造函数为“空”,而不是终止异常。或者你喜欢什么都行。
这里有一种优雅的方法。创建trait,在给定参数数量的情况下启用多个构造函数。你只需将参数的数量添加到函数名“__construct”中。所以一个参数是"__construct1",两个"__construct2"…等。
trait constructable
{
public function __construct()
{
$a = func_get_args();
$i = func_num_args();
if (method_exists($this,$f='__construct'.$i)) {
call_user_func_array([$this,$f],$a);
}
}
}
class a{
use constructable;
public $result;
public function __construct1($a){
$this->result = $a;
}
public function __construct2($a, $b){
$this->result = $a + $b;
}
}
echo (new a(1))->result; // 1
echo (new a(1,2))->result; // 3