主要差异是范围差异,而让它只能在所宣布的范围内可用,如在圆圈中,可在圆圈之外可访问,例如从MDN的文档(MDN的例子):

function varTest() {
  var x = 1;
  if (true) {
    var x = 2;  // same variable!
    console.log(x);  // 2
  }
  console.log(x);  // 2
}

function letTest() {
  let x = 1;
  if (true) {
    let x = 2;  // different variable
    console.log(x);  // 2
  }
  console.log(x);  // 1
}`

var x = 'global';
let y = 'global';
console.log(this.x); // "global"
console.log(this.y); // undefined

当在区块内使用时,请将变量的范围限制在该区块上。

var a = 1;
var b = 2;

if (a === 1) {
  var a = 11; // the scope is global
  let b = 22; // the scope is inside the if-block

  console.log(a);  // 11
  console.log(b);  // 22
} 

console.log(a); // 11
console.log(b); // 2

让

区块范围

在顶级(功能之外)

var globalVariable = 42;
let blockScopedVariable = 43;

console.log(globalVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43

console.log(this.globalVariable); // 42
console.log(this.blockScopedVariable); // undefined

在一个功能之内

(() => {
  var functionScopedVariable = 42;
  let blockScopedVariable = 43;

  console.log(functionScopedVariable); // 42
  console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43
})();

console.log(functionScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: functionScopedVariable is not defined
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: blockScopedVariable is not defined

在一个区块内

{
  var globalVariable = 42;
  let blockScopedVariable = 43;
  console.log(globalVariable); // 42
  console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43
}

console.log(globalVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: blockScopedVariable is not defined

在一个圈子里

用Let in Loops宣言的变量只能在该圈内提到。

for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  var j = i * 2;
}
console.log(i); // 3
console.log(j); // 4

for (let k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
  let l = k * 2;
}
console.log(typeof k); // undefined
console.log(typeof l); // undefined
// Trying to do console.log(k) or console.log(l) here would throw a ReferenceError.

// Logs 3 thrice, not what we meant.
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  setTimeout(() => console.log(i), 0);
}

// Logs 0, 1 and 2, as expected.
for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
  setTimeout(() => console.log(j), 0);
}

临时死区

由于临时死亡区,使用声明的变量在被声明之前无法访问,试图这样做会导致错误。

console.log(noTDZ); // undefined
var noTDZ = 43;
console.log(hasTDZ); // ReferenceError: hasTDZ is not defined
let hasTDZ = 42;

没有重新宣布

var a;
var a; // Works fine.

let b;
let b; // SyntaxError: Identifier 'b' has already been declared

var c;
let c; // SyntaxError: Identifier 'c' has already been declared

格斯特

没有重新分配

const a = 42;
a = 43; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

请注意,这并不意味着值是不可改变的;它的属性仍然可以改变。

const obj = {};
obj.a = 42;
console.log(obj.a); // 42

如果您想要一个不可变的对象,您应该使用 Object.freeze()。

const obj = Object.freeze({a: 40});
obj.a = 42;
console.log(obj.a); // 40
console.log(obj.b); // undefined

初步者需要

在使用 const 表示变量时,您必须始终指定值。

const a; // SyntaxError: Missing initializer in const declaration

正如我目前正在试图深入了解JavaScript,我将分享我的简短研究,其中包含一些已经讨论的伟大作品,以及一些其他细节,从不同的角度。

理解VAR和LAT之间的差异可以更容易,如果我们理解函数和区块范围之间的差异。

让我们来看看以下案例:

(function timer() {
    for(var i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
        setTimeout(function notime() { console.log(i); }, i * 1000);
    }
})();


   Stack            VariableEnvironment //one VariablEnvironment for timer();
                                       // when the timer is out - the value will be the same for each iteration
5. [setTimeout, i]  [i=5] 
4. [setTimeout, i]  
3. [setTimeout, i]
2. [setTimeout, i]
1. [setTimeout, i]
0. [setTimeout, i]

####################    

(function timer() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
        setTimeout(function notime() { console.log(i); }, i * 1000);
    }
})();

   Stack           LexicalEnvironment - each iteration has a new lexical environment
5. [setTimeout, i]  [i=5]       
                      LexicalEnvironment 
4. [setTimeout, i]    [i=4]     
                        LexicalEnvironment 
3. [setTimeout, i]      [i=3]       
                         LexicalEnvironment 
2. [setTimeout, i]       [i=2]
                           LexicalEnvironment 
1. [setTimeout, i]         [i=1]
                             LexicalEnvironment 
0. [setTimeout, i]           [i=0]

当按时()被称为执行内容时,将创建一个内容,该内容将包含每个字符串的变量环境和所有相应的语法环境。

更简单的例子

功能范围

function test() {
    for(var z = 0; z < 69; z++) {
        //todo
    }
    //z is visible outside the loop
}

区块范围

function test() {
    for(let z = 0; z < 69; z++) {
        //todo
    }
    //z is not defined :(
}

简而言之,Let和Var之间的区别在于Var是功能分解,Let是区块分解。

var 是全球范围(可容量)的变量。

Let and const 是区块范围。

测试JS

{ let l = 'let'; const c = 'const'; var v = 'var'; v2 = 'var 2'; } console.log(v, this.v); console.log(v2, this.v2); console.log(l); // ReferenceError: l 未定义 console.log(c); // ReferenceError: c 未定义

答答答答答答答答答答答答答答答答答

var 变量是全球性的,基本上可以到达到任何地方,而让变量不是全球性的,只有直到一个关闭的偏见杀死它们。

请参见下面的我的例子,并注意狮子(Let)变量如何在两个 console.logs 中以不同的方式行事;它在第二个 console.log 中变得无效。

var cat = "cat";
let dog = "dog";

var animals = () => {
    var giraffe = "giraffe";
    let lion = "lion";

    console.log(cat);  //will print 'cat'.
    console.log(dog);  //will print 'dog', because dog was declared outside this function (like var cat).

    console.log(giraffe); //will print 'giraffe'.
    console.log(lion); //will print 'lion', as lion is within scope.
}

console.log(giraffe); //will print 'giraffe', as giraffe is a global variable (var).
console.log(lion); //will print UNDEFINED, as lion is a 'let' variable and is now out of scope.

一些黑客与Let:

1。

    let statistics = [16, 170, 10];
    let [age, height, grade] = statistics;

    console.log(height)

二。

    let x = 120,
    y = 12;
    [x, y] = [y, x];
    console.log(`x: ${x} y: ${y}`);

3、

    let node = {
                   type: "Identifier",
                   name: "foo"
               };

    let { type, name, value } = node;

    console.log(type);      // "Identifier"
    console.log(name);      // "foo"
    console.log(value);     // undefined

    let node = {
        type: "Identifier"
    };

    let { type: localType, name: localName = "bar" } = node;

    console.log(localType);     // "Identifier"
    console.log(localName);     // "bar"

Getter 和 Setter 與 Let:

let jar = {
    numberOfCookies: 10,
    get cookies() {
        return this.numberOfCookies;
    },
    set cookies(value) {
        this.numberOfCookies = value;
    }
};

console.log(jar.cookies)
jar.cookies = 7;

console.log(jar.cookies)