是否有一种简单的方法可以从Linux命令行运行MySQL查询并以CSV格式输出结果?
以下是我现在正在做的:
mysql -u uid -ppwd -D dbname << EOQ | sed -e 's/ /,/g' | tee list.csv
select id, concat("\"",name,"\"") as name
from students
EOQ
当有很多列需要用引号括起来时，或者如果结果中有需要转义的引号，就会变得混乱。
当前回答
下面是在user7610基础上实现这一点的最佳方法。使用mysql outfile有60分钟的文件所有权和覆盖问题。
这并不酷，但它在5分钟内就起作用了。
PHP csvdump.php本地主机根密码数据库表名>
<?php
$server = $argv[1];
$user = $argv[2];
$password = $argv[3];
$db = $argv[4];
$table = $argv[5];
mysql_connect($server, $user, $password) or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db($db) or die(mysql_error());
// fetch the data
$rows = mysql_query('SELECT * FROM ' . $table);
$rows || die(mysql_error());
// create a file pointer connected to the output stream
$output = fopen('php://output', 'w');
// output the column headings
$fields = [];
for($i = 0; $i < mysql_num_fields($rows); $i++) {
$field_info = mysql_fetch_field($rows, $i);
$fields[] = $field_info->name;
}
fputcsv($output, $fields);
// loop over the rows, outputting them
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($rows)) fputcsv($output, $row);
?>
其他回答
通过'tr'管道(仅限Unix/Cygwin):
mysql <database> -e "<query here>" | tr '\t' ',' > data.csv
注意:这既不处理嵌入的逗号，也不处理嵌入的制表符。
为了扩展前面的答案，下面的一行代码将单个表导出为制表符分隔的文件。它适用于自动化，每天导出数据库。
mysql -B -D mydatabase -e 'select * from mytable'
很方便，我们可以使用同样的技术列出MySQL的表，并在一个表中描述字段:
mysql -B -D mydatabase -e 'show tables'
mysql -B -D mydatabase -e 'desc users'
Field Type Null Key Default Extra
id int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment
email varchar(128) NO UNI NULL
lastName varchar(100) YES NULL
title varchar(128) YES UNI NULL
userName varchar(128) YES UNI NULL
firstName varchar(100) YES NULL
微小的Bash脚本，用于对CSV转储进行简单查询，灵感来自Tim Harding的回答。
#!/bin/bash
# $1 = query to execute
# $2 = outfile
# $3 = mysql database name
# $4 = mysql username
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo "Query not given"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$2" ]; then
echo "Outfile not given"
exit 1
fi
MYSQL_DB=""
MYSQL_USER="root"
if [ ! -z "$3" ]; then
MYSQL_DB=$3
fi
if [ ! -z "$4" ]; then
MYSQL_USER=$4
fi
if [ -z "$MYSQL_DB" ]; then
echo "Database name not given"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$MYSQL_USER" ]; then
echo "Database user not given"
exit 1
fi
mysql -u $MYSQL_USER -p -D $MYSQL_DB -B -s -e "$1" | sed "s/'/\'/;s/\t/\",\"/g;s/^/\"/;s/$/\"/;s/\n//g" > $2
echo "Written to $2"
Use:
mysql your_database -p < my_requests.sql | awk '{print $1","$2}' > out.csv
这个答案使用Python和一个流行的第三方库，PyMySQL。我添加它是因为Python的csv库足够强大，可以正确处理许多不同风格的.csv，而且没有其他答案使用Python代码与数据库交互。
import contextlib
import csv
import datetime
import os
# https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL
import pymysql
SQL_QUERY = """
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE my_attribute = 'my_attribute';
"""
# embedding passwords in code gets nasty when you use version control
# the environment is not much better, but this is an example
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12461484
SQL_USER = os.environ['SQL_USER']
SQL_PASS = os.environ['SQL_PASS']
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
user=SQL_USER,
password=SQL_PASS,
db='dbname')
with contextlib.closing(connection):
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(SQL_QUERY)
# Hope you have enough memory :)
results = cursor.fetchall()
output_file = 'my_query-{}.csv'.format(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
with open(output_file, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
# http://stackoverflow.com/a/17725590/2958070 about lineterminator
csv_writer = csv.writer(csvfile, lineterminator='\n')
csv_writer.writerows(results)
