是否有一种简单的方法可以从Linux命令行运行MySQL查询并以CSV格式输出结果?
以下是我现在正在做的:
mysql -u uid -ppwd -D dbname << EOQ | sed -e 's/ /,/g' | tee list.csv
select id, concat("\"",name,"\"") as name
from students
EOQ
当有很多列需要用引号括起来时,或者如果结果中有需要转义的引号,就会变得混乱。
是否有一种简单的方法可以从Linux命令行运行MySQL查询并以CSV格式输出结果?
以下是我现在正在做的:
mysql -u uid -ppwd -D dbname << EOQ | sed -e 's/ /,/g' | tee list.csv
select id, concat("\"",name,"\"") as name
from students
EOQ
当有很多列需要用引号括起来时,或者如果结果中有需要转义的引号,就会变得混乱。
当前回答
使用Tim Harding发布的解决方案,我创建了这个Bash脚本来促进这个过程(根密码是需要的,但你可以很容易地修改脚本来请求任何其他用户):
#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1" == "" ];then
echo "Usage: $0 DATABASE TABLE [MYSQL EXTRA COMMANDS]"
exit
fi
DBNAME=$1
TABLE=$2
FNAME=$1.$2.csv
MCOMM=$3
echo "MySQL password: "
stty -echo
read PASS
stty echo
mysql -uroot -p$PASS $MCOMM $DBNAME -B -e "SELECT * FROM $TABLE;" | sed "s/'/\'/;s/\t/\",\"/g;s/^/\"/;s/$/\"/;s/\n//g" > $FNAME
它将创建一个名为database.table.csv的文件
其他回答
下面的Bash脚本适合我。它还可以选择获取所请求表的模式。
#!/bin/bash
#
# Export MySQL data to CSV
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/356578/how-to-output-mysql-query-results-in-csv-format
#
# ANSI colors
#http://www.csc.uvic.ca/~sae/seng265/fall04/tips/s265s047-tips/bash-using-colors.html
blue='\033[0;34m'
red='\033[0;31m'
green='\033[0;32m' # '\e[1;32m' is too bright for white bg.
endColor='\033[0m'
#
# A colored message
# params:
# 1: l_color - the color of the message
# 2: l_msg - the message to display
#
color_msg() {
local l_color="$1"
local l_msg="$2"
echo -e "${l_color}$l_msg${endColor}"
}
#
# Error
#
# Show the given error message on standard error and exit
#
# Parameters:
# 1: l_msg - the error message to display
#
error() {
local l_msg="$1"
# Use ANSI red for error
color_msg $red "Error:" 1>&2
color_msg $red "\t$l_msg" 1>&2
usage
}
#
# Display usage
#
usage() {
echo "usage: $0 [-h|--help]" 1>&2
echo " -o | --output csvdirectory" 1>&2
echo " -d | --database database" 1>&2
echo " -t | --tables tables" 1>&2
echo " -p | --password password" 1>&2
echo " -u | --user user" 1>&2
echo " -hs | --host host" 1>&2
echo " -gs | --get-schema" 1>&2
echo "" 1>&2
echo " output: output CSV directory to export MySQL data into" 1>&2
echo "" 1>&2
echo " user: MySQL user" 1>&2
echo " password: MySQL password" 1>&2
echo "" 1>&2
echo " database: target database" 1>&2
echo " tables: tables to export" 1>&2
echo " host: host of target database" 1>&2
echo "" 1>&2
echo " -h|--help: show help" 1>&2
exit 1
}
#
# show help
#
help() {
echo "$0 Help" 1>&2
echo "===========" 1>&2
echo "$0 exports a CSV file from a MySQL database optionally limiting to a list of tables" 1>&2
echo " example: $0 --database=cms --user=scott --password=tiger --tables=person --output person.csv" 1>&2
echo "" 1>&2
usage
}
domysql() {
mysql --host $host -u$user --password=$password $database
}
getcolumns() {
local l_table="$1"
echo "describe $l_table" | domysql | cut -f1 | grep -v "Field" | grep -v "Warning" | paste -sd "," - 2>/dev/null
}
host="localhost"
mysqlfiles="/var/lib/mysql-files/"
# Parse command line options
while true; do
#echo "option $1"
case "$1" in
# Options without arguments
-h|--help) usage;;
-d|--database) database="$2" ; shift ;;
-t|--tables) tables="$2" ; shift ;;
-o|--output) csvoutput="$2" ; shift ;;
-u|--user) user="$2" ; shift ;;
-hs|--host) host="$2" ; shift ;;
-p|--password) password="$2" ; shift ;;
-gs|--get-schema) option="getschema";;
(--) shift; break;;
(-*) echo "$0: error - unrecognized option $1" 1>&2; usage;;
(*) break;;
esac
shift
done
# Checks
if [ "$csvoutput" == "" ]
then
error "output CSV directory is not set"
fi
if [ "$database" == "" ]
then
error "MySQL database is not set"
fi
if [ "$user" == "" ]
then
error "MySQL user is not set"
fi
if [ "$password" == "" ]
then
error "MySQL password is not set"
fi
color_msg $blue "exporting tables of database $database"
if [ "$tables" = "" ]
then
tables=$(echo "show tables" | domysql)
fi
case $option in
getschema)
rm $csvoutput$database.schema
for table in $tables
do
color_msg $blue "getting schema for $table"
echo -n "$table:" >> $csvoutput$database.schema
getcolumns $table >> $csvoutput$database.schema
done
;;
*)
for table in $tables
do
color_msg $blue "exporting table $table"
cols=$(grep "$table:" $csvoutput$database.schema | cut -f2 -d:)
if [ "$cols" = "" ]
then
cols=$(getcolumns $table)
fi
ssh $host rm $mysqlfiles/$table.csv
cat <<EOF | mysql --host $host -u$user --password=$password $database
SELECT $cols FROM $table INTO OUTFILE '$mysqlfiles$table.csv'
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
ENCLOSED BY '"'
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';
EOF
scp $host:$mysqlfiles/$table.csv $csvoutput$table.csv.raw
(echo "$cols"; cat $csvoutput$table.csv.raw) > $csvoutput$table.csv
rm $csvoutput$table.csv.raw
done
;;
esac
mysql——batch, -B 打印结果,使用制表符作为列分隔符,每行在 新行。使用这个选项,mysql不使用历史文件。 批处理模式导致非表格输出格式和转义 特殊字符。转义可以通过使用原始模式禁用;看到 ——raw选项的描述。
这将为您提供一个制表符分隔的文件。由于逗号(或包含逗号的字符串)没有转义,因此将分隔符更改为逗号并不简单。
微小的Bash脚本,用于对CSV转储进行简单查询,灵感来自Tim Harding的回答。
#!/bin/bash
# $1 = query to execute
# $2 = outfile
# $3 = mysql database name
# $4 = mysql username
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo "Query not given"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$2" ]; then
echo "Outfile not given"
exit 1
fi
MYSQL_DB=""
MYSQL_USER="root"
if [ ! -z "$3" ]; then
MYSQL_DB=$3
fi
if [ ! -z "$4" ]; then
MYSQL_USER=$4
fi
if [ -z "$MYSQL_DB" ]; then
echo "Database name not given"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$MYSQL_USER" ]; then
echo "Database user not given"
exit 1
fi
mysql -u $MYSQL_USER -p -D $MYSQL_DB -B -s -e "$1" | sed "s/'/\'/;s/\t/\",\"/g;s/^/\"/;s/$/\"/;s/\n//g" > $2
echo "Written to $2"
Use:
mysql your_database -p < my_requests.sql | awk '{print $1","$2}' > out.csv
不完全是CSV格式,但是MySQL客户端的tee命令可以用来将输出保存到本地文件中:
tee foobar.txt
SELECT foo FROM bar;
你可以使用notee禁用它。
SELECT…INTO OUTFILE…的问题;它需要在服务器上写文件的权限。