所以我们在项目中有这个巨大的mainmodule.cpp源文件(11000行很大吗?),每次我不得不触摸它时,我都会畏缩。

由于这个文件是如此的核心和大,它不断积累越来越多的代码,我想不出一个好方法来让它实际上开始缩小。

该文件在我们产品的几个(> 10)维护版本中被使用和积极更改,因此很难重构它。如果我“简单地”将其拆分为3个文件,那么从维护版本合并回更改将成为一场噩梦。而且,如果您拆分具有如此长而丰富历史的文件,跟踪和检查SCC历史中的旧更改突然变得非常困难。

这个文件基本上包含了我们程序的“主类”(主要的内部工作调度和协调),所以每次添加一个特性,它也会影响这个文件,每次它的增长。:-(

在这种情况下你会怎么做?关于如何在不打乱SCC工作流程的情况下将新特性移动到单独的源文件中,您有什么想法吗?

(注意:我们使用c++和Visual Studio;我们使用AccuRev作为SCC,但我认为SCC的类型在这里并不重要;我们使用Araxis Merge来做实际的文件比较和合并)


当前回答

永远不要再碰这个文件和代码! 对待就像你被困住了一样。开始为编码在那里的功能编写适配器。 用不同的单元编写新代码,只与封装怪物功能的适配器对话。 ... 如果以上只有一项是不可能的,那就辞职去找一份新工作。

其他回答

Find some code in the file which is relatively stable (not changing fast, and doesn't vary much between branches) and could stand as an independent unit. Move this into its own file, and for that matter into its own class, in all branches. Because it's stable, this won't cause (many) "awkward" merges that have to be applied to a different file from the one they were originally made on, when you merge the change from one branch to another. Repeat. Find some code in the file which basically only applies to a small number of branches, and could stand alone. Doesn't matter whether it's changing fast or not, because of the small number of branches. Move this into its own classes and files. Repeat.

因此,我们去掉了到处都一样的代码,以及特定于某些分支的代码。

This leaves you with a nucleus of badly-managed code - it's needed everywhere, but it's different in every branch (and/or it changes constantly so that some branches are running behind others), and yet it's in a single file that you're unsuccessfully trying to merge between branches. Stop doing that. Branch the file permanently, perhaps by renaming it in each branch. It's not "main" any more, it's "main for configuration X". OK, so you lose the ability to apply the same change to multiple branches by merging, but this is in any case the core of code where merging doesn't work very well. If you're having to manually manage the merges anyway to deal with conflicts, then it's no loss to manually apply them independently on each branch.

我认为你说这种SCC无关紧要是错误的,因为例如git的合并能力可能比你正在使用的合并工具更好。因此,核心问题“合并困难”发生在不同scc的不同时期。但是,您不太可能更改scc,因此这个问题可能无关紧要。

孔子说:“出洞的第一步是停止挖洞。”

我想在这种情况下我该做的就是咬紧牙关

Figure out how I wanted to split the file up (based on the current development version) Put an administrative lock on the file ("Nobody touch mainmodule.cpp after 5pm Friday!!!" Spend your long weekend applying that change to the >10 maintenance versions (from oldest to newest), up to and including the current version. Delete mainmodule.cpp from all supported versions of the software. It's a new Age - there is no more mainmodule.cpp. Convince Management that you shouldn't be supporting more than one maintenance version of the software (at least without a big $$$ support contract). If each of your customers have their own unique version.... yeeeeeshhhh. I'd be adding compiler directives rather than trying to maintain 10+ forks.

跟踪文件的旧更改简单地通过您的第一个签入注释来解决,例如“从mainmodule.cpp分离”。如果你需要回顾最近的东西,大多数人会记得这个变化,如果是2年后,评论会告诉他们从哪里看。当然,回溯到2年前,看看是谁修改了代码以及为什么修改代码,这有多大价值呢?

考虑以更合理的方式重写整个应用程序的方法。也许可以重写其中的一小部分作为原型,看看你的想法是否可行。

如果您已经确定了一个可行的解决方案,那么相应地重构应用程序。

如果所有产生更合理架构的尝试都失败了,那么至少您知道解决方案可能是重新定义程序的功能。

我的同情-在我以前的工作中,我遇到过类似的情况,一个文件比你必须处理的文件大几倍。解决方案是:

编写代码详尽地测试程序中的函数。听起来你还没有掌握这个… 确定一些可以抽象为帮助器/实用程序类的代码。不需要很大,只是一些不是你的“主要”类的真正一部分。 重构2中确定的代码。进入一个单独的班级。 重新运行测试,以确保没有损坏。 当你有时间的时候,去2。并根据需要重复以使代码易于管理。

在第3步中构建的类。迭代可能会增加以吸收更多适合于新清除的函数的代码。

我还可以补充:

0:购买Michael Feathers关于使用遗留代码的书

不幸的是,这种类型的工作太常见了,但我的经验是,在保持工作的同时,能够使工作但可怕的代码逐渐变得不那么可怕是有很大价值的。