Find some code in the file which is relatively stable (not changing fast, and doesn't vary much between branches) and could stand as an independent unit. Move this into its own file, and for that matter into its own class, in all branches. Because it's stable, this won't cause (many) "awkward" merges that have to be applied to a different file from the one they were originally made on, when you merge the change from one branch to another. Repeat. Find some code in the file which basically only applies to a small number of branches, and could stand alone. Doesn't matter whether it's changing fast or not, because of the small number of branches. Move this into its own classes and files. Repeat.

因此，我们去掉了到处都一样的代码，以及特定于某些分支的代码。

This leaves you with a nucleus of badly-managed code - it's needed everywhere, but it's different in every branch (and/or it changes constantly so that some branches are running behind others), and yet it's in a single file that you're unsuccessfully trying to merge between branches. Stop doing that. Branch the file permanently, perhaps by renaming it in each branch. It's not "main" any more, it's "main for configuration X". OK, so you lose the ability to apply the same change to multiple branches by merging, but this is in any case the core of code where merging doesn't work very well. If you're having to manually manage the merges anyway to deal with conflicts, then it's no loss to manually apply them independently on each branch.

我认为你说这种SCC无关紧要是错误的，因为例如git的合并能力可能比你正在使用的合并工具更好。因此，核心问题“合并困难”发生在不同scc的不同时期。但是，您不太可能更改scc，因此这个问题可能无关紧要。

下面是我所想到的解决这些问题的唯一办法。所述方法的实际增益是演化的累进性。这里没有革命，否则你很快就会陷入麻烦。

在原来的主类上面插入一个新的cpp类。目前，它基本上会将所有调用重定向到当前的主类，但目标是使这个新类的API尽可能清晰和简洁。

一旦完成了这些，就可以在新类中添加新功能。

至于现有的功能，当它们变得足够稳定时，您必须逐步将它们移动到新的类中。对于这段代码，您将失去SCC帮助，但是对此没有太多办法。只要选择合适的时机。

我知道这并不完美，但我希望它能有所帮助，这个过程必须适应您的需要!

额外的信息

注意，Git是一个SCC，它可以从一个文件跟踪代码片段到另一个文件。我听说过关于它的好东西，所以它可以帮助你逐步转移你的工作。

Git是围绕blob的概念构建的，如果我理解正确的话，blob表示代码文件的片段。在不同的文件中移动这些片段，Git会找到它们，即使您修改了它们。除了下面评论中提到的Linus Torvalds的视频之外，我还没有找到关于这个问题的一些清楚的东西。

这并不是一个大问题的答案，而是一个具体问题的理论解决方案:

Figure out where you want to split the big file into subfiles. Put comments in some special format at each of those points. Write a fairly trivial script that will break the file apart into subfiles at those points. (Perhaps the special comments have embedded filenames that the script can use as instructions for how to split it.) It should preserve the comments as part of the splitting. Run the script. Delete the original file. When you need to merge from a branch, first recreate the big file by concatenating the pieces back together, do the merge, and then re-split it.

另外，如果您想要保存SCC文件历史，我认为最好的方法是告诉您的源代码控制系统各个片段文件都是原始文件的副本。然后，它将保存该文件中保存的部分的历史，当然，它也将记录大部分被“删除”。

一种不太危险的方法是对所有的线变化进行历史性的观察。有没有特定的函数比其他函数更稳定?可以说是变化的热点。

如果某一行在几年内没有被更改过，你可以将它移到另一个文件中，而不用太担心。我会看一下用最后一次修改注释的源代码，看看是否有任何函数可以提取出来。

合并不会像将来获得30000个LOC文件那样是一个大噩梦。所以:

停止向该文件添加更多代码。 把它。

如果你不能在重构过程中停止编码，你可以暂时保留这个大文件，至少不向它添加更多的代码:因为它包含一个“主类”，你可以从它继承，并将继承的带有重载函数的类保留在几个新的小而设计良好的文件中。

“这个文件基本上包含了我们程序的‘主类’(主要的内部工作调度和协调)，所以每次添加一个特性，它也会影响这个文件，每次它的增长。”

如果这个大的SWITCH(我认为是有的)成为主要的维护问题，你可以重构它，使用字典和命令模式，并从现有的代码中删除所有的开关逻辑到加载器，加载器填充该映射，即:

    // declaration
    std::map<ID, ICommand*> dispatchTable;
    ...

    // populating using some loader
    dispatchTable[id] = concreteCommand;

    ...
    // using
    dispatchTable[id]->Execute();