代表数字7的8位像这样:
00000111
设置了三个比特。
确定32位整数中设置位数的算法是什么?
代表数字7的8位像这样:
00000111
设置了三个比特。
确定32位整数中设置位数的算法是什么?
当前回答
对于那些想要在c++ 11中为任何无符号整数类型作为consexpr函数的人(tacklelib/include/tacklelib/utility/math.hpp):
#include <stdint.h>
#include <limits>
#include <type_traits>
const constexpr uint32_t uint32_max = (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)();
namespace detail
{
template <typename T>
inline constexpr T _count_bits_0(const T & v)
{
return v - ((v >> 1) & 0x55555555);
}
template <typename T>
inline constexpr T _count_bits_1(const T & v)
{
return (v & 0x33333333) + ((v >> 2) & 0x33333333);
}
template <typename T>
inline constexpr T _count_bits_2(const T & v)
{
return (v + (v >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
}
template <typename T>
inline constexpr T _count_bits_3(const T & v)
{
return v + (v >> 8);
}
template <typename T>
inline constexpr T _count_bits_4(const T & v)
{
return v + (v >> 16);
}
template <typename T>
inline constexpr T _count_bits_5(const T & v)
{
return v & 0x0000003F;
}
template <typename T, bool greater_than_uint32>
struct _impl
{
static inline constexpr T _count_bits_with_shift(const T & v)
{
return
detail::_count_bits_5(
detail::_count_bits_4(
detail::_count_bits_3(
detail::_count_bits_2(
detail::_count_bits_1(
detail::_count_bits_0(v)))))) + count_bits(v >> 32);
}
};
template <typename T>
struct _impl<T, false>
{
static inline constexpr T _count_bits_with_shift(const T & v)
{
return 0;
}
};
}
template <typename T>
inline constexpr T count_bits(const T & v)
{
static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value, "type T must be an integer");
static_assert(!std::is_signed<T>::value, "type T must be not signed");
return uint32_max >= v ?
detail::_count_bits_5(
detail::_count_bits_4(
detail::_count_bits_3(
detail::_count_bits_2(
detail::_count_bits_1(
detail::_count_bits_0(v)))))) :
detail::_impl<T, sizeof(uint32_t) < sizeof(v)>::_count_bits_with_shift(v);
}
谷歌测试库中的附加测试:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
namespace {
template <typename T>
inline uint32_t _test_count_bits(const T & v)
{
uint32_t count = 0;
T n = v;
while (n > 0) {
if (n % 2) {
count += 1;
}
n /= 2;
}
return count;
}
}
TEST(FunctionsTest, random_count_bits_uint32_100K)
{
srand(uint_t(time(NULL)));
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
const uint32_t r = uint32_t(rand()) + (uint32_t(rand()) << 16);
ASSERT_EQ(_test_count_bits(r), count_bits(r));
}
}
TEST(FunctionsTest, random_count_bits_uint64_100K)
{
srand(uint_t(time(NULL)));
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
const uint64_t r = uint64_t(rand()) + (uint64_t(rand()) << 16) + (uint64_t(rand()) << 32) + (uint64_t(rand()) << 48);
ASSERT_EQ(_test_count_bits(r), count_bits(r));
}
}
其他回答
这是一个可移植的模块(ANSI-C),它可以在任何架构上对每个算法进行基准测试。
你的CPU有9位字节?目前它实现了2个算法,K&R算法和一个字节查找表。查找表的平均速度比K&R算法快3倍。如果有人能想出办法使“黑客的喜悦”算法可移植,请随意添加它。
#ifndef _BITCOUNT_H_
#define _BITCOUNT_H_
/* Return the Hamming Wieght of val, i.e. the number of 'on' bits. */
int bitcount( unsigned int );
/* List of available bitcount algorithms.
* onTheFly: Calculate the bitcount on demand.
*
* lookupTalbe: Uses a small lookup table to determine the bitcount. This
* method is on average 3 times as fast as onTheFly, but incurs a small
* upfront cost to initialize the lookup table on the first call.
*
* strategyCount is just a placeholder.
*/
enum strategy { onTheFly, lookupTable, strategyCount };
/* String represenations of the algorithm names */
extern const char *strategyNames[];
/* Choose which bitcount algorithm to use. */
void setStrategy( enum strategy );
#endif
.
#include <limits.h>
#include "bitcount.h"
/* The number of entries needed in the table is equal to the number of unique
* values a char can represent which is always UCHAR_MAX + 1*/
static unsigned char _bitCountTable[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
static unsigned int _lookupTableInitialized = 0;
static int _defaultBitCount( unsigned int val ) {
int count;
/* Starting with:
* 1100 - 1 == 1011, 1100 & 1011 == 1000
* 1000 - 1 == 0111, 1000 & 0111 == 0000
*/
for ( count = 0; val; ++count )
val &= val - 1;
return count;
}
/* Looks up each byte of the integer in a lookup table.
*
* The first time the function is called it initializes the lookup table.
*/
static int _tableBitCount( unsigned int val ) {
int bCount = 0;
if ( !_lookupTableInitialized ) {
unsigned int i;
for ( i = 0; i != UCHAR_MAX + 1; ++i )
_bitCountTable[i] =
( unsigned char )_defaultBitCount( i );
_lookupTableInitialized = 1;
}
for ( ; val; val >>= CHAR_BIT )
bCount += _bitCountTable[val & UCHAR_MAX];
return bCount;
}
static int ( *_bitcount ) ( unsigned int ) = _defaultBitCount;
const char *strategyNames[] = { "onTheFly", "lookupTable" };
void setStrategy( enum strategy s ) {
switch ( s ) {
case onTheFly:
_bitcount = _defaultBitCount;
break;
case lookupTable:
_bitcount = _tableBitCount;
break;
case strategyCount:
break;
}
}
/* Just a forwarding function which will call whichever version of the
* algorithm has been selected by the client
*/
int bitcount( unsigned int val ) {
return _bitcount( val );
}
#ifdef _BITCOUNT_EXE_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
/* Use the same sequence of pseudo random numbers to benmark each Hamming
* Weight algorithm.
*/
void benchmark( int reps ) {
clock_t start, stop;
int i, j;
static const int iterations = 1000000;
for ( j = 0; j != strategyCount; ++j ) {
setStrategy( j );
srand( 257 );
start = clock( );
for ( i = 0; i != reps * iterations; ++i )
bitcount( rand( ) );
stop = clock( );
printf
( "\n\t%d psudoe-random integers using %s: %f seconds\n\n",
reps * iterations, strategyNames[j],
( double )( stop - start ) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC );
}
}
int main( void ) {
int option;
while ( 1 ) {
printf( "Menu Options\n"
"\t1.\tPrint the Hamming Weight of an Integer\n"
"\t2.\tBenchmark Hamming Weight implementations\n"
"\t3.\tExit ( or cntl-d )\n\n\t" );
if ( scanf( "%d", &option ) == EOF )
break;
switch ( option ) {
case 1:
printf( "Please enter the integer: " );
if ( scanf( "%d", &option ) != EOF )
printf
( "The Hamming Weight of %d ( 0x%X ) is %d\n\n",
option, option, bitcount( option ) );
break;
case 2:
printf
( "Please select number of reps ( in millions ): " );
if ( scanf( "%d", &option ) != EOF )
benchmark( option );
break;
case 3:
goto EXIT;
break;
default:
printf( "Invalid option\n" );
}
}
EXIT:
printf( "\n" );
return 0;
}
#endif
对于Java,有一个Java .util. bitset。 https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/BitSet.html
cardinality():返回在BitSet中设置为true的比特数。
BitSet是内存高效的,因为它被存储为Long类型。
// How about the following:
public int CountBits(int value)
{
int count = 0;
while (value > 0)
{
if (value & 1)
count++;
value <<= 1;
}
return count;
}
这是在golang中的实现
func CountBitSet(n int) int {
count := 0
for n > 0 {
count += n & 1
n >>= 1
}
return count
}
我使用下面更直观的代码。
int countSetBits(int n) {
return !n ? 0 : 1 + countSetBits(n & (n-1));
}
逻辑:n & (n-1)重置n的最后一个集合位。
附注:我知道这不是O(1)解,尽管这是一个有趣的解。