我如何确定两条直线是否相交,如果相交,在x,y点处?
当前回答
我已经尝试实现上述Jason所描述的算法;不幸的是,虽然在调试数学工作,我发现许多情况下,它不起作用。
例如,考虑点A(10,10) B(20,20) C(10,1) D(1,10) h=。5然而,通过检查可以清楚地看到,这些部分彼此一点也不接近。
将其绘制成图可以清楚地看出,0 < h < 1条件仅表明如果存在截距点,则截距点将位于CD上,而不告诉我们该点是否位于AB上。 为了确保有一个交叉点,你必须对变量g进行对称计算,拦截的要求是: 0 < g < 1 AND 0 < h < 1
其他回答
有一个很好的方法来解决这个问题就是用向量叉乘。定义二维向量叉乘v × w为vx wy−vy wx。
假设这两条线段从p到p + r,从q到q + s。那么第一行上的任意点都可以表示为p + t r(对于标量参数t),第二行上的任意点可以表示为q + u s(对于标量参数u)。
如果t和u满足以下条件,两条直线相交:
P + t r = q + u s
两边叉乘s,得到
(p + r) × s = (q + u s) × s
由于s × s = 0,这意味着
T (r × s) = (q−p) × s
因此,求解t:
T = (q−p) × s / (r × s)
同样地,我们可以解出u:
(p + r) × r = (q + u s) × r U (s × r) = (p−q) × r U = (p−q) × r / (s × r)
为了减少计算步骤,可以方便地将其重写为以下形式(记住s × r =−r × s):
U = q−p × r / (r × s)
现在有四种情况:
If r × s = 0 and (q − p) × r = 0, then the two lines are collinear. In this case, express the endpoints of the second segment (q and q + s) in terms of the equation of the first line segment (p + t r): t0 = (q − p) · r / (r · r) t1 = (q + s − p) · r / (r · r) = t0 + s · r / (r · r) If the interval between t0 and t1 intersects the interval [0, 1] then the line segments are collinear and overlapping; otherwise they are collinear and disjoint. Note that if s and r point in opposite directions, then s · r < 0 and so the interval to be checked is [t1, t0] rather than [t0, t1]. If r × s = 0 and (q − p) × r ≠ 0, then the two lines are parallel and non-intersecting. If r × s ≠ 0 and 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, the two line segments meet at the point p + t r = q + u s. Otherwise, the two line segments are not parallel but do not intersect.
来源:该方法是3D线相交算法的2维专门化,来自Ronald Goldman发表在Graphics Gems,第304页的文章“三条线在三维空间中的相交”。在三维空间中,通常的情况是直线是倾斜的(既不平行也不相交),在这种情况下,该方法给出了两条直线最接近的点。
这是基于Gareth Ree的回答。它还返回线段重叠的情况。用c++编写的V是一个简单的向量类。其中二维中两个向量的外积返回一个标量。通过了学校自动测试系统的测试。
//Required input point must be colinear with the line
bool on_segment(const V& p, const LineSegment& l)
{
//If a point is on the line, the sum of the vectors formed by the point to the line endpoints must be equal
V va = p - l.pa;
V vb = p - l.pb;
R ma = va.magnitude();
R mb = vb.magnitude();
R ml = (l.pb - l.pa).magnitude();
R s = ma + mb;
bool r = s <= ml + epsilon;
return r;
}
//Compute using vector math
// Returns 0 points if the lines do not intersect or overlap
// Returns 1 point if the lines intersect
// Returns 2 points if the lines overlap, contain the points where overlapping start starts and stop
std::vector<V> intersect(const LineSegment& la, const LineSegment& lb)
{
std::vector<V> r;
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/563198/how-do-you-detect-where-two-line-segments-intersect
V oa, ob, da, db; //Origin and direction vectors
R sa, sb; //Scalar values
oa = la.pa;
da = la.pb - la.pa;
ob = lb.pa;
db = lb.pb - lb.pa;
if (da.cross(db) == 0 && (ob - oa).cross(da) == 0) //If colinear
{
if (on_segment(lb.pa, la) && on_segment(lb.pb, la))
{
r.push_back(lb.pa);
r.push_back(lb.pb);
dprintf("colinear, overlapping\n");
return r;
}
if (on_segment(la.pa, lb) && on_segment(la.pb, lb))
{
r.push_back(la.pa);
r.push_back(la.pb);
dprintf("colinear, overlapping\n");
return r;
}
if (on_segment(la.pa, lb))
r.push_back(la.pa);
if (on_segment(la.pb, lb))
r.push_back(la.pb);
if (on_segment(lb.pa, la))
r.push_back(lb.pa);
if (on_segment(lb.pb, la))
r.push_back(lb.pb);
if (r.size() == 0)
dprintf("colinear, non-overlapping\n");
else
dprintf("colinear, overlapping\n");
return r;
}
if (da.cross(db) == 0 && (ob - oa).cross(da) != 0)
{
dprintf("parallel non-intersecting\n");
return r;
}
//Math trick db cross db == 0, which is a single scalar in 2D.
//Crossing both sides with vector db gives:
sa = (ob - oa).cross(db) / da.cross(db);
//Crossing both sides with vector da gives
sb = (oa - ob).cross(da) / db.cross(da);
if (0 <= sa && sa <= 1 && 0 <= sb && sb <= 1)
{
dprintf("intersecting\n");
r.push_back(oa + da * sa);
return r;
}
dprintf("non-intersecting, non-parallel, non-colinear, non-overlapping\n");
return r;
}
一个c++程序,用于检查两条给定线段是否相交
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Point
{
int x;
int y;
};
// Given three colinear points p, q, r, the function checks if
// point q lies on line segment 'pr'
bool onSegment(Point p, Point q, Point r)
{
if (q.x <= max(p.x, r.x) && q.x >= min(p.x, r.x) &&
q.y <= max(p.y, r.y) && q.y >= min(p.y, r.y))
return true;
return false;
}
// To find orientation of ordered triplet (p, q, r).
// The function returns following values
// 0 --> p, q and r are colinear
// 1 --> Clockwise
// 2 --> Counterclockwise
int orientation(Point p, Point q, Point r)
{
// See 10th slides from following link for derivation of the formula
// http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~pat/52233/slides/Geometry1x1.pdf
int val = (q.y - p.y) * (r.x - q.x) -
(q.x - p.x) * (r.y - q.y);
if (val == 0) return 0; // colinear
return (val > 0)? 1: 2; // clock or counterclock wise
}
// The main function that returns true if line segment 'p1q1'
// and 'p2q2' intersect.
bool doIntersect(Point p1, Point q1, Point p2, Point q2)
{
// Find the four orientations needed for general and
// special cases
int o1 = orientation(p1, q1, p2);
int o2 = orientation(p1, q1, q2);
int o3 = orientation(p2, q2, p1);
int o4 = orientation(p2, q2, q1);
// General case
if (o1 != o2 && o3 != o4)
return true;
// Special Cases
// p1, q1 and p2 are colinear and p2 lies on segment p1q1
if (o1 == 0 && onSegment(p1, p2, q1)) return true;
// p1, q1 and p2 are colinear and q2 lies on segment p1q1
if (o2 == 0 && onSegment(p1, q2, q1)) return true;
// p2, q2 and p1 are colinear and p1 lies on segment p2q2
if (o3 == 0 && onSegment(p2, p1, q2)) return true;
// p2, q2 and q1 are colinear and q1 lies on segment p2q2
if (o4 == 0 && onSegment(p2, q1, q2)) return true;
return false; // Doesn't fall in any of the above cases
}
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
struct Point p1 = {1, 1}, q1 = {10, 1};
struct Point p2 = {1, 2}, q2 = {10, 2};
doIntersect(p1, q1, p2, q2)? cout << "Yes\n": cout << "No\n";
p1 = {10, 0}, q1 = {0, 10};
p2 = {0, 0}, q2 = {10, 10};
doIntersect(p1, q1, p2, q2)? cout << "Yes\n": cout << "No\n";
p1 = {-5, -5}, q1 = {0, 0};
p2 = {1, 1}, q2 = {10, 10};
doIntersect(p1, q1, p2, q2)? cout << "Yes\n": cout << "No\n";
return 0;
}
根据t3chb0t的答案:
int intersezione_linee(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, int x4, int y4, int& p_x, int& p_y)
{
//L1: estremi (x1,y1)(x2,y2) L2: estremi (x3,y3)(x3,y3)
int d;
d = (x1-x2)*(y3-y4) - (y1-y2)*(x3-x4);
if(!d)
return 0;
p_x = ((x1*y2-y1*x2)*(x3-x4) - (x1-x2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4))/d;
p_y = ((x1*y2-y1*x2)*(y3-y4) - (y1-y2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4))/d;
return 1;
}
int in_bounding_box(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int p_x, int p_y)
{
return p_x>=x1 && p_x<=x2 && p_y>=y1 && p_y<=y2;
}
int intersezione_segmenti(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, int x4, int y4, int& p_x, int& p_y)
{
if (!intersezione_linee(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,p_x,p_y))
return 0;
return in_bounding_box(x1,y1,x2,y2,p_x,p_y) && in_bounding_box(x3,y3,x4,y4,p_x,p_y);
}
问题可以简化成这样一个问题:从A到B和从C到D的两条直线相交吗?然后你可以问它四次(在直线和矩形的四条边之间)。
这是做这个的矢量数学。假设A到B的直线就是问题中的直线C到D的直线是其中一条矩形直线。我的表示法是Ax是A的x坐标Cy是c的y坐标“*”表示点积,例如A*B = Ax*Bx + Ay*By。
E = B-A = ( Bx-Ax, By-Ay )
F = D-C = ( Dx-Cx, Dy-Cy )
P = ( -Ey, Ex )
h = ( (A-C) * P ) / ( F * P )
h是键。如果h在0和1之间,两条线相交,否则不相交。如果F*P为零,当然不能进行计算,但在这种情况下,直线是平行的,因此只有在明显的情况下才相交。
交点是C + F*h。
更多的乐趣:
如果h恰好等于0或1,两条直线的端点相交。你可以认为这是一个“交集”,也可以认为不是。
具体来说,h是直线长度乘以多少才能恰好与另一条直线相交。
因此,如果h<0,这意味着矩形线在给定直线的“后面”(“方向”是“从A到B”),如果h>1,矩形线在给定直线的“前面”。
推导:
A和C是指向直线起点的向量;E和F是由A和C端点组成的直线。
对于平面上任意两条不平行线,必须恰好有一对标量g和h,使得这个方程成立:
A + E*g = C + F*h
为什么?因为两条不平行线必须相交,这意味着你可以将这两条线按一定比例缩放并相互接触。
(起初,这看起来像一个有两个未知数的方程!但当你考虑到这是一个二维矢量方程时,它就不是,这意味着这是一对x和y的方程)
我们必须消去其中一个变量。一个简单的方法是使E项为零。要做到这一点,用一个向量对方程两边做点积这个向量与E点乘到0,我把上面的向量称为P,我做了E的明显变换。
你现在有:
A*P = C*P + F*P*h
(A-C)*P = (F*P)*h
( (A-C)*P ) / (F*P) = h