努力使你的递归调用尾部递归(递归的最后一个语句是递归调用)。一旦你有了它，将它转换为迭代通常是相当容易的。

有一种将递归遍历转换为迭代器的通用方法，即使用连接多个迭代器提供者的惰性迭代器(返回迭代器的lambda表达式)。请参阅我的将递归遍历转换为迭代器。

一般来说，通过简单地使用存储变量，可以将递归模拟为迭代。注意，递归和迭代通常是等价的;其中一种几乎总是可以转化为另一种。尾递归函数很容易转化为迭代函数。只需要将累加器变量设置为局部变量，并迭代而不是递归。下面是c++中的一个例子(如果不使用默认参数的话):

// tail-recursive
int factorial (int n, int acc = 1)
{
  if (n == 1)
    return acc;
  else
    return factorial(n - 1, acc * n);
}

// iterative
int factorial (int n)
{
  int acc = 1;
  for (; n > 1; --n)
    acc *= n;
  return acc;
}

据我所知，我可能在代码中犯了一个错误，但想法是存在的。

This is an old question but I want to add a different aspect as a solution. I'm currently working on a project in which I used the flood fill algorithm using C#. Normally, I implemented this algorithm with recursion at first, but obviously, it caused a stack overflow. After that, I changed the method from recursion to iteration. Yes, It worked and I was no longer getting the stack overflow error. But this time, since I applied the flood fill method to very large structures, the program was going into an infinite loop. For this reason, it occurred to me that the function may have re-entered the places it had already visited. As a definitive solution to this, I decided to use a dictionary for visited points. If that node(x,y) has already been added to the stack structure for the first time, that node(x,y) will be saved in the dictionary as the key. Even if the same node is tried to be added again later, it won't be added to the stack structure because the node is already in the dictionary. Let's see on pseudo-code:

startNode = pos(x,y)

Stack stack = new Stack();

Dictionary visited<pos, bool> = new Dictionary();

stack.Push(startNode);

while(stack.count != 0){
    currentNode = stack.Pop();
    if "check currentNode if not available"
        continue;
    if "check if already handled"
        continue;
    else if "run if it must be wanted thing should be handled"      
        // make something with pos currentNode.X and currentNode.X  
        
        // then add its neighbor nodes to the stack to iterate
        // but at first check if it has already been visited.
        
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x-1,y)))
            visited[pos(x-1,y)] = true;
            stack.Push(pos(x-1,y));
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x+1,y)))
            ...
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x,y+1)))
            ...
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x,y-1)))
            ...
}

在谷歌中搜索“延续传递样式”。有一个转换为尾部递归样式的一般过程;还有一个将尾部递归函数转换为循环的通用过程。

似乎没有人指出递归函数在主体中调用自己超过一次的位置，并处理返回递归中的特定点(即不是原始递归)。据说每一个递归都可以转化为迭代，所以这似乎是可能的。

我刚刚想出了一个如何做到这一点的c#示例。假设您有以下递归函数，它的作用类似于poststorder遍历，AbcTreeNode是一个带有指针a、b、c的3元树。

public static void AbcRecursiveTraversal(this AbcTreeNode x, List<int> list) {
        if (x != null) {
            AbcRecursiveTraversal(x.a, list);
            AbcRecursiveTraversal(x.b, list);
            AbcRecursiveTraversal(x.c, list);
            list.Add(x.key);//finally visit root
        }
}

迭代解:

        int? address = null;
        AbcTreeNode x = null;
        x = root;
        address = A;
        stack.Push(x);
        stack.Push(null)    

        while (stack.Count > 0) {
            bool @return = x == null;

            if (@return == false) {

                switch (address) {
                    case A://   
                        stack.Push(x);
                        stack.Push(B);
                        x = x.a;
                        address = A;
                        break;
                    case B:
                        stack.Push(x);
                        stack.Push(C);
                        x = x.b;
                        address = A;
                        break;
                    case C:
                        stack.Push(x);
                        stack.Push(null);
                        x = x.c;
                        address = A;
                        break;
                    case null:
                        list_iterative.Add(x.key);
                        @return = true;
                        break;
                }

            }


            if (@return == true) {
                address = (int?)stack.Pop();
                x = (AbcTreeNode)stack.Pop();
            }


        }