Another consideration is the number of object files (translation units) that you actually consume in a library vs the total number available. If a library is built from many object files, but you only use symbols from a few of them, this might be an argument for favoring static linking, since you only link the objects that you use when you static link (typically) and don't normally carry the unused symbols. If you go with a shared lib, that lib contains all translation units and could be much larger than what you want or need.

执行静态链接构建的一个原因是验证可执行文件是否完全关闭，即所有符号引用都正确解析。

作为使用持续集成构建和测试的大型系统的一部分，夜间回归测试使用可执行文件的静态链接版本运行。偶尔，我们会看到一个符号无法解析，静态链接会失败，即使动态链接的可执行文件可以成功链接。

这种情况通常发生在共享库中位置较深的符号有拼写错误的名称，因此不能进行静态链接时。无论使用深度优先还是宽度优先求值，动态链接器都不能完全解析所有符号，因此您可以完成一个没有完全闭包的动态链接可执行文件。

1)基于这样一个事实，即调用DLL函数总是使用额外的间接跳转。如今，这通常可以忽略不计。在DLL内部，i386 CPU上有一些更多的开销，因为它们不能生成与位置无关的代码。在amd64上，跳转可以相对于程序计数器，因此这是一个巨大的改进。

2)这是正确的。通过分析引导的优化，您通常可以获得大约10- 15%的性能。既然CPU速度已经达到极限，那么这样做可能是值得的。

我想补充的是:(3)链接器可以将函数安排在一个更有效的缓存分组中，从而将昂贵的缓存级别的失败最小化。它还可能特别影响应用程序的启动时间(基于我在Sun c++编译器中看到的结果)

不要忘记，使用dll不能执行死代码消除。根据语言的不同，DLL代码也可能不是最佳的。虚函数总是虚函数，因为编译器不知道客户端是否正在覆盖它。

由于这些原因，如果不需要dll，那么就使用静态编译。

编辑(通过用户下划线回答注释)

这里有一个关于职位独立代码问题的很好的资源http://eli.thegreenplace.net/2011/11/03/position-independent-code-pic-in-shared-libraries/

正如所解释的，x86除了15位跳转范围之外没有其他的AFAIK，也没有无条件跳转和调用。这就是为什么函数(来自生成器)超过32K一直是一个问题，需要嵌入蹦床。

But on popular x86 OS like Linux you do not need to care if the .so/DLL file is not generated with the gcc switch -fpic (which enforces the use of the indirect jump tables). Because if you don't, the code is just fixed like a normal linker would relocate it. But while doing this it makes the code segment non shareable and it would need a full mapping of the code from disk into memory and touching it all before it can be used (emptying most of the caches, hitting TLBs) etc. There was a time when this was considered slow.

这样你就没有任何收益了。

我不记得什么操作系统(Solaris或FreeBSD)给我的Unix构建系统的问题，因为我只是没有这样做，不知道为什么它崩溃，直到我应用-fPIC到gcc。

在大量且越来越多的系统中，极端的静态链接可以对应用程序和系统性能产生巨大的积极影响。

我指的是通常所说的“嵌入式系统”，其中许多现在越来越多地使用通用操作系统，这些系统被用于所有可以想象到的事情。

An extremely common example are devices using GNU/Linux systems using Busybox. I've taken this to the extreme with NetBSD by building a bootable i386 (32-bit) system image that includes both a kernel and its root filesystem, the latter which contains a single static-linked (by crunchgen) binary with hard-links to all programs that itself contains all (well at last count 274) of the standard full-feature system programs (most except the toolchain), and it is less than 20 megabytes in size (and probably runs very comfortably in a system with only 64MB of memory (even with the root filesystem uncompressed and entirely in RAM), though I've been unable to find one so small to test it on).

It has been mentioned in earlier posts that the start-up time of a static-linked binaries is faster (and it can be a lot faster), but that is only part of the picture, especially when all object code is linked into the same file, and even more especially when the operating system supports demand paging of code direct from the executable file. In this ideal scenario the startup time of programs is literally negligible since almost all pages of code will already be in memory and be in use by the shell (and and init any other background processes that might be running), even if the requested program has not ever been run since boot since perhaps only one page of memory need be loaded to fulfill the runtime requirements of the program.

However that's still not the whole story. I also usually build and use the NetBSD operating system installs for my full development systems by static-linking all binaries. Even though this takes a tremendous amount more disk space (~6.6GB total for x86_64 with everything, including toolchain and X11 static-linked) (especially if one keeps full debug symbol tables available for all programs another ~2.5GB), the result still runs faster overall, and for some tasks even uses less memory than a typical dynamic-linked system that purports to share library code pages. Disk is cheap (even fast disk), and memory to cache frequently used disk files is also relatively cheap, but CPU cycles really are not, and paying the ld.so startup cost for every process that starts every time it starts will take hours and hours of CPU cycles away from tasks which require starting many processes, especially when the same programs are used over and over, such as compilers on a development system. Static-linked toolchain programs can reduce whole-OS multi-architecture build times for my systems by hours. I have yet to build the toolchain into my single crunchgen'ed binary, but I suspect when I do there will be more hours of build time saved because of the win for the CPU cache.

动态链接是满足某些许可要求(如LGPL)的唯一实用方法。

动态链接需要额外的时间让操作系统找到动态库并加载它。使用静态链接，所有内容都在一起，并且只需要一次性加载到内存中。

另外，参见DLL地狱。在这种情况下，操作系统加载的DLL不是应用程序自带的，也不是应用程序期望的版本。