一般来说，编译器没有五分钟的教程，因为这是一个复杂的主题，编写一个编译器可能需要几个月的时间。你得自己去找。

Python和Ruby通常是解释型的。也许你也想从一个口译员开始。这通常比较简单。

The first step is to write a formal language description, the grammar of your programming language. Then you have to transform the source code that you want to compile or interpret according to the grammar into an abstract syntax tree, an internal form of the source code that the computer understands and can operate on. This step is usually called parsing and the software that parses the source code is called a parser. Often the parser is generated by a parser generator which transform a formal grammar into source oder machine code. For a good, non-mathematical explanation of parsing I recommend Parsing Techniques - A Practical Guide. Wikipedia has a comparison of parser generators from which you can choose that one that is suitable for you. Depending on the parser generator you chose, you will find tutorials on the Internet and for really popular parser generators (like GNU bison) there are also books.

为您的语言编写解析器可能非常困难，但这取决于您的语法。所以我建议保持你的语法简单(不像c++);LISP就是一个很好的例子。

在第二步中，抽象语法树从树形结构转换为线性中间表示。作为一个很好的例子，Lua的字节码经常被引用。但是中间表示实际上取决于你的语言。

如果您正在构建一个解释器，则只需解释中间表示即可。您还可以及时编译它。我推荐LLVM和libjit进行即时编译。为了使语言可用，你还必须包含一些输入和输出函数，也许还有一个小的标准库。

如果您要编译该语言，它将更加复杂。你必须为不同的计算机架构编写后端，并从这些后端的中间表示生成机器代码。对于这个任务，我推荐LLVM。

有一些关于这个主题的书，但我不能推荐他们一般使用。他们中的大多数要么太学术，要么太实际。没有“21天自学编译器写作”，因此，你必须买几本书才能很好地理解整个主题。如果你上网搜索，你会发现一些在线书籍和课堂笔记。也许你附近有一个大学图书馆，在那里你可以借到关于编译器的书籍。

我还建议你在理论计算机科学和图论方面有良好的背景知识，如果你想让你的项目认真起来的话。计算机科学学位也会很有帮助。

如果你想使用功能强大的高级工具，而不是自己构建一切，那么阅读本课程的项目和阅读材料是一个很好的选择。这是一门语言课程，由Java解析器引擎ANTLR的作者编写。你可以从Pragmatic Programmers网站上获得这门课程的PDF版本。

The course goes over the standard compiler compiler stuff that you'd see elsewhere: parsing, types and type checking, polymorphism, symbol tables, and code generation. Pretty much the only thing that isn't covered is optimizations. The final project is a program that compiles a subset of C. Because you use tools like ANTLR and LLVM, it's feasible to write the entire compiler in a single day (I have an existence proof of this, though I do mean ~24 hours). It's heavy on practical engineering using modern tools, a bit lighter on theory.

顺便说一下，LLVM非常棒。在许多情况下，你可能会编译到汇编，你最好编译到LLVM的中间表示。它是更高级别的、跨平台的，LLVM非常擅长从中生成优化的程序集。

我同意龙书的参考;IMO，它是编译器构造的权威指南。准备好接受一些核心理论吧。

If you want a book that is lighter on theory, Game Scripting Mastery might be a better book for you. If you are a total newbie at compiler theory, it provides a gentler introduction. It doesn't cover more practical parsing methods (opting for non-predictive recursive descent without discussing LL or LR parsing), and as I recall, it doesn't even discuss any sort of optimization theory. Plus, instead of compiling to machine code, it compiles to a bytecode that is supposed to run on a VM that you also write.

这仍然是一本不错的读物，尤其是如果你能在亚马逊上以便宜的价格买到的话。如果你只想简单介绍编译器，《Game Scripting Mastery》是个不错的选择。如果你想先玩硬核游戏，那么你应该选择《龙之书》。

Not included in the list so far is this book: Basics of Compiler Design (Torben Mogensen) (from the dept. of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen) I'm also interested in learning about compilers and plan to enter that industry in the next couple of years. This book is the ideal theory book to begin learning compilers as far as I can see. It's FREE to copy and reproduce, cleanly and carefully written and gives it to you in plain English without any code but still presents the mechanics by way of instructions and diagrams etc. Worth a look imo.

看看下面这本书。作者是ANTLR的创建者。

语言实现模式:创建您自己的领域特定语言和通用编程语言。

如果您愿意使用LLVM，请查看这个:http://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/。它教你如何使用LLVM的框架从头编写编译器，并且不假设你有任何关于这个主题的知识。

本教程建议您编写自己的解析器和lexer等，但我建议您了解bison和flex后再进行研究。它们让生活变得轻松多了。