Java 8允许在称为default methods的接口中默认实现方法。

我在什么时候使用那种接口默认方法,而不是抽象类(带有抽象方法)之间感到困惑。

那么什么时候应该使用默认方法的接口,什么时候应该使用抽象类(带有抽象方法)?抽象类在这种情况下仍然有用吗?


当前回答

从业务用例上下文中,接口可用于定义特定的业务规则,其中抽象类将定义启动业务的公共结构。

假设某个企业所有者希望与Amazon和Walmart合作,那么这里定义的接口将是WalmartPartner, AmazonPartner将定义特定的业务规则,抽象类BusinessSetup将获得特定区域的业务设置。

// Interfaces
 
public interface WalmartPartner {
    public static boolean signUpForWalmartBusinessAccount(String BusinessId){
        System.out.println("Setting up Walmart Business Partner");
        return true;
    }
    public default  void  getWalmartDeals(){
        System.out.println("Default walmart deal executed !");
    }
    public abstract void setupShopifyForWalmart();
    public abstract  void setupWalmartProducts();

public interface AmazonPartner {
    public static boolean signUpAsAmazonServicePartner(String BusinessId){
        System.out.println("Setting up Amazon Business Partner");
        return true;
    }
    public default  void  paymentPlatformSetup(){
        System.out.println(" Amazon default payment platform is setup");
    }
    public abstract void setupPrimeMemberDealsByRegion();
    public abstract  void setupPrimeDeals();
}

 // Abstract class 

public abstract class BusinessSetup {
    String businessId ;
    public BusinessSetup(String businessId){
        this.businessId = businessId;
        System.out.println("1. Initial Business setup for BusienssID: "+this.businessId+" is Complete");
    }
    public final boolean getBusinessRegisteredInRegion(String region){
        System.out.println("2. Business got registered in "+region+ "!");
        return true;
    }
    public abstract void setupCustomerPlatform(String customerId);
    public abstract void setupVendorPlatform(String vendorId);

}

// Concrete Class 
public class WalMartPartnerImpl extends BusinessSetup implements WalmartPartner {
    public WalMartPartnerImpl(String businessId) {
        super(businessId);
    }
    @Override
    public void setupCustomerPlatform(String customerId) {
    }

    @Override
    public void setupVendorPlatform(String vendorId) {
    }

    @Override
    public void setupShopifyForWalmart() {
    }

    @Override
    public void setupWalmartProducts() {
    }
    public static void main(String args[]){
        WalMartPartnerImpl walMartPartner = new WalMartPartnerImpl("wal8989");
        walMartPartner.getBusinessRegisteredInRegion("california");
        walMartPartner.getWalmartDeals();
        walMartPartner.setupCustomerPlatform("wal8989");

    }
}

其他回答

从业务用例上下文中,接口可用于定义特定的业务规则,其中抽象类将定义启动业务的公共结构。

假设某个企业所有者希望与Amazon和Walmart合作,那么这里定义的接口将是WalmartPartner, AmazonPartner将定义特定的业务规则,抽象类BusinessSetup将获得特定区域的业务设置。

// Interfaces
 
public interface WalmartPartner {
    public static boolean signUpForWalmartBusinessAccount(String BusinessId){
        System.out.println("Setting up Walmart Business Partner");
        return true;
    }
    public default  void  getWalmartDeals(){
        System.out.println("Default walmart deal executed !");
    }
    public abstract void setupShopifyForWalmart();
    public abstract  void setupWalmartProducts();

public interface AmazonPartner {
    public static boolean signUpAsAmazonServicePartner(String BusinessId){
        System.out.println("Setting up Amazon Business Partner");
        return true;
    }
    public default  void  paymentPlatformSetup(){
        System.out.println(" Amazon default payment platform is setup");
    }
    public abstract void setupPrimeMemberDealsByRegion();
    public abstract  void setupPrimeDeals();
}

 // Abstract class 

public abstract class BusinessSetup {
    String businessId ;
    public BusinessSetup(String businessId){
        this.businessId = businessId;
        System.out.println("1. Initial Business setup for BusienssID: "+this.businessId+" is Complete");
    }
    public final boolean getBusinessRegisteredInRegion(String region){
        System.out.println("2. Business got registered in "+region+ "!");
        return true;
    }
    public abstract void setupCustomerPlatform(String customerId);
    public abstract void setupVendorPlatform(String vendorId);

}

// Concrete Class 
public class WalMartPartnerImpl extends BusinessSetup implements WalmartPartner {
    public WalMartPartnerImpl(String businessId) {
        super(businessId);
    }
    @Override
    public void setupCustomerPlatform(String customerId) {
    }

    @Override
    public void setupVendorPlatform(String vendorId) {
    }

    @Override
    public void setupShopifyForWalmart() {
    }

    @Override
    public void setupWalmartProducts() {
    }
    public static void main(String args[]){
        WalMartPartnerImpl walMartPartner = new WalMartPartnerImpl("wal8989");
        walMartPartner.getBusinessRegisteredInRegion("california");
        walMartPartner.getWalmartDeals();
        walMartPartner.setupCustomerPlatform("wal8989");

    }
}

这两个是完全不同的:

默认方法是在不改变现有类状态的情况下向其添加外部功能。

抽象类是一种普通的继承类型,它们是用于扩展的普通类。

什么时候应该使用缺省方法的接口,什么时候应该使用 抽象类被使用?

向后兼容性: 想象一下,你的接口是由数百个类实现的,修改这个接口将迫使所有用户实现新添加的方法,即使它对于实现你的接口的许多其他类来说可能不是必需的。另外,它允许你的接口成为一个功能接口

事实与限制:

1-只能在接口中声明,而不能在类或 抽象类。

2 .必须提供一个主体

它不像接口中使用的其他常规方法那样被认为是抽象的。

Remi Forax规则是不要用抽象类进行设计。你用界面来设计你的应用。无论Java的版本是什么,无论语言是什么。它以SOLID原理中的界面分离原理为依据。

稍后您可以使用抽象类来分解代码。现在有了Java 8,你可以直接在界面中完成。这只是个设施,仅此而已。

如本文所述,

Java 8中的抽象类与接口

After introducing Default Method, it seems that interfaces and abstract classes are same. However, they are still different concept in Java 8. Abstract class can define constructor. They are more structured and can have a state associated with them. While in contrast, default method can be implemented only in the terms of invoking other interface methods, with no reference to a particular implementation's state. Hence, both use for different purposes and choosing between two really depends on the scenario context.