有没有一种简单的方法来确定一个点是否在三角形内?是2D的,不是3D的。
当前回答
一个简单的方法是:
找出连接 分别指向三角形的三个点 顶点和夹角之和 这些向量。如果它们的和 角度是2*那么点是 在三角形里面。
两个解释替代方案的好网站是:
黑卒和沃尔夫勒姆
其他回答
重心法Java版:
class Triangle {
Triangle(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double x3,
double y3) {
this.x3 = x3;
this.y3 = y3;
y23 = y2 - y3;
x32 = x3 - x2;
y31 = y3 - y1;
x13 = x1 - x3;
det = y23 * x13 - x32 * y31;
minD = Math.min(det, 0);
maxD = Math.max(det, 0);
}
boolean contains(double x, double y) {
double dx = x - x3;
double dy = y - y3;
double a = y23 * dx + x32 * dy;
if (a < minD || a > maxD)
return false;
double b = y31 * dx + x13 * dy;
if (b < minD || b > maxD)
return false;
double c = det - a - b;
if (c < minD || c > maxD)
return false;
return true;
}
private final double x3, y3;
private final double y23, x32, y31, x13;
private final double det, minD, maxD;
}
上面的代码可以准确地处理整数,假设没有溢出。它也适用于顺时针和逆时针三角形。它不适用于共线三角形(但您可以通过测试det==0来检查)。
如果你要用同一个三角形测试不同的点,以重心为中心的版本是最快的。
重心版本在3个三角形点上是不对称的,所以它可能不如Kornel Kisielewicz的边缘半平面版本一致,因为浮点舍入误差。
图片来源:我根据维基百科关于重心坐标的文章制作了上面的代码。
我只是想用一些简单的向量数学来解释安德里亚斯给出的重心坐标解,它会更容易理解。
区域A定义为s * v02 + t * v01给出的任意向量,条件s >= 0, t >= 0。如果三角形v0 v1 v2内的任意一点,它一定在区域A内。
如果进一步限制s, t属于[0,1]。得到包含s * v02 + t * v01的所有向量的区域B,条件s, t属于[0,1]。值得注意的是,区域B的下部是三角形v0, v1, v2的镜像。问题来了,我们是否可以给定一定的s和t条件,来进一步排除区域B的低部分。
假设我们给出一个值s, t在[0,1]内变化。在下图中,点p位于v1v2的边缘。s * v02 + t * v01的所有向量沿着虚线通过简单向量和得到。在v1v2和虚线交点p处,我们有:
(1-S)|V0v2|/ |v0v2|= tp|v0v1|/ |v0v1|
得到1 - s = tp,然后1 = s + tp。如果任意t > tp,即1 < s + t where在双虚线上,则该向量在三角形外,任意t <= tp,即1 >= s + t where在单虚线上,则该向量在三角形内。
如果我们给出[0,1]中的任意s,对应的t必须满足1 >= s + t,对于三角形内的向量。
最后我们得到v = s * v02 +t * v01, v在三角形内,条件s, t, s+t属于[0,1]。然后翻译到点,我们有
P - p0 = s * (p1 - p0) + t * (p2 - p0), and s, t, s + t in [0,1]
和Andreas解方程组的解是一样的 P = p0 + s * (p1 - p0) + t * (p2 - p0),带s, t, s + t属于[0,1]。
这是确定一个点是在三角形的内、外还是在三角形的臂上的最简单的概念。
用行列式确定三角形内的点:
最简单的工作代码:
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
tri_points = [(1,1),(2,3),(3,1)]
def pisinTri(point,tri_points):
Dx , Dy = point
A,B,C = tri_points
Ax, Ay = A
Bx, By = B
Cx, Cy = C
M1 = np.array([ [Dx - Bx, Dy - By, 0],
[Ax - Bx, Ay - By, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M2 = np.array([ [Dx - Ax, Dy - Ay, 0],
[Cx - Ax, Cy - Ay, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M3 = np.array([ [Dx - Cx, Dy - Cy, 0],
[Bx - Cx, By - Cy, 0],
[1 , 1 , 1]
])
M1 = np.linalg.det(M1)
M2 = np.linalg.det(M2)
M3 = np.linalg.det(M3)
print(M1,M2,M3)
if(M1 == 0 or M2 == 0 or M3 ==0):
print("Point: ",point," lies on the arms of Triangle")
elif((M1 > 0 and M2 > 0 and M3 > 0)or(M1 < 0 and M2 < 0 and M3 < 0)):
#if products is non 0 check if all of their sign is same
print("Point: ",point," lies inside the Triangle")
else:
print("Point: ",point," lies outside the Triangle")
print("Vertices of Triangle: ",tri_points)
points = [(0,0),(1,1),(2,3),(3,1),(2,2),(4,4),(1,0),(0,4)]
for c in points:
pisinTri(c,tri_points)
最简单的方法,适用于所有类型的三角形,就是确定P点A点B点C点的角。如果任何一个角大于180.0度,那么它在外面,如果是180.0度,那么它在圆周上,如果acos欺骗了你,小于180.0度,那么它在里面。看一看理解http://math-physics-psychology.blogspot.hu/2015/01/earlish-determination-that-point-is.html
我在JavaScript中改编的高性能代码(文章如下):
function pointInTriangle (p, p0, p1, p2) {
return (((p1.y - p0.y) * (p.x - p0.x) - (p1.x - p0.x) * (p.y - p0.y)) | ((p2.y - p1.y) * (p.x - p1.x) - (p2.x - p1.x) * (p.y - p1.y)) | ((p0.y - p2.y) * (p.x - p2.x) - (p0.x - p2.x) * (p.y - p2.y))) >= 0;
}
pointInTriangle(p, p0, p1, p2) -用于逆时针方向的三角形 pointInTriangle(p, p0, p1, p2) -用于顺时针三角形
在jsFiddle(包括性能测试)中,在一个单独的函数中也有缠绕检查。或按下面的“运行代码片段”
var ctx = $("canvas")[0].getContext("2d"); var W = 500; var H = 500; var point = { x: W / 2, y: H / 2 }; var triangle = randomTriangle(); $("canvas").click(function(evt) { point.x = evt.pageX - $(this).offset().left; point.y = evt.pageY - $(this).offset().top; test(); }); $("canvas").dblclick(function(evt) { triangle = randomTriangle(); test(); }); document.querySelector('#performance').addEventListener('click', _testPerformance); test(); function test() { var result = checkClockwise(triangle.a, triangle.b, triangle.c) ? pointInTriangle(point, triangle.a, triangle.c, triangle.b) : pointInTriangle(point, triangle.a, triangle.b, triangle.c); var info = "point = (" + point.x + "," + point.y + ")\n"; info += "triangle.a = (" + triangle.a.x + "," + triangle.a.y + ")\n"; info += "triangle.b = (" + triangle.b.x + "," + triangle.b.y + ")\n"; info += "triangle.c = (" + triangle.c.x + "," + triangle.c.y + ")\n"; info += "result = " + (result ? "true" : "false"); $("#result").text(info); render(); } function _testPerformance () { var px = [], py = [], p0x = [], p0y = [], p1x = [], p1y = [], p2x = [], p2y = [], p = [], p0 = [], p1 = [], p2 = []; for(var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { p[i] = {x: Math.random() * 100, y: Math.random() * 100}; p0[i] = {x: Math.random() * 100, y: Math.random() * 100}; p1[i] = {x: Math.random() * 100, y: Math.random() * 100}; p2[i] = {x: Math.random() * 100, y: Math.random() * 100}; } console.time('optimal: pointInTriangle'); for(var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { pointInTriangle(p[i], p0[i], p1[i], p2[i]); } console.timeEnd('optimal: pointInTriangle'); console.time('original: ptInTriangle'); for(var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { ptInTriangle(p[i], p0[i], p1[i], p2[i]); } console.timeEnd('original: ptInTriangle'); } function pointInTriangle (p, p0, p1, p2) { return (((p1.y - p0.y) * (p.x - p0.x) - (p1.x - p0.x) * (p.y - p0.y)) | ((p2.y - p1.y) * (p.x - p1.x) - (p2.x - p1.x) * (p.y - p1.y)) | ((p0.y - p2.y) * (p.x - p2.x) - (p0.x - p2.x) * (p.y - p2.y))) >= 0; } function ptInTriangle(p, p0, p1, p2) { var s = (p0.y * p2.x - p0.x * p2.y + (p2.y - p0.y) * p.x + (p0.x - p2.x) * p.y); var t = (p0.x * p1.y - p0.y * p1.x + (p0.y - p1.y) * p.x + (p1.x - p0.x) * p.y); if (s <= 0 || t <= 0) return false; var A = (-p1.y * p2.x + p0.y * (-p1.x + p2.x) + p0.x * (p1.y - p2.y) + p1.x * p2.y); return (s + t) < A; } function render() { ctx.fillStyle = "#CCC"; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 500, 500); drawTriangle(triangle.a, triangle.b, triangle.c); drawPoint(point); } function checkClockwise(p0, p1, p2) { var A = (-p1.y * p2.x + p0.y * (-p1.x + p2.x) + p0.x * (p1.y - p2.y) + p1.x * p2.y); return A > 0; } function drawTriangle(p0, p1, p2) { ctx.fillStyle = "#999"; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(p0.x, p0.y); ctx.lineTo(p1.x, p1.y); ctx.lineTo(p2.x, p2.y); ctx.closePath(); ctx.fill(); ctx.fillStyle = "#000"; ctx.font = "12px monospace"; ctx.fillText("1", p0.x, p0.y); ctx.fillText("2", p1.x, p1.y); ctx.fillText("3", p2.x, p2.y); } function drawPoint(p) { ctx.fillStyle = "#F00"; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, 5, 0, 2 * Math.PI); ctx.fill(); } function rand(min, max) { return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min; } function randomTriangle() { return { a: { x: rand(0, W), y: rand(0, H) }, b: { x: rand(0, W), y: rand(0, H) }, c: { x: rand(0, W), y: rand(0, H) } }; } <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <button id="performance">Run performance test (open console)</button> <pre>Click: place the point. Double click: random triangle.</pre> <pre id="result"></pre> <canvas width="500" height="500"></canvas>
受此启发: http://www.phatcode.net/articles.php?id=459