如何确定一个点是否在二维三角形中?

有没有一种简单的方法来确定一个点是否在三角形内?是2D的，不是3D的。

当前回答

重心法Java版:

class Triangle {
    Triangle(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double x3,
            double y3) {
        this.x3 = x3;
        this.y3 = y3;
        y23 = y2 - y3;
        x32 = x3 - x2;
        y31 = y3 - y1;
        x13 = x1 - x3;
        det = y23 * x13 - x32 * y31;
        minD = Math.min(det, 0);
        maxD = Math.max(det, 0);
    }

    boolean contains(double x, double y) {
        double dx = x - x3;
        double dy = y - y3;
        double a = y23 * dx + x32 * dy;
        if (a < minD || a > maxD)
            return false;
        double b = y31 * dx + x13 * dy;
        if (b < minD || b > maxD)
            return false;
        double c = det - a - b;
        if (c < minD || c > maxD)
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    private final double x3, y3;
    private final double y23, x32, y31, x13;
    private final double det, minD, maxD;
}

上面的代码可以准确地处理整数，假设没有溢出。它也适用于顺时针和逆时针三角形。它不适用于共线三角形(但您可以通过测试det==0来检查)。

如果你要用同一个三角形测试不同的点，以重心为中心的版本是最快的。

重心版本在3个三角形点上是不对称的，所以它可能不如Kornel Kisielewicz的边缘半平面版本一致，因为浮点舍入误差。

图片来源:我根据维基百科关于重心坐标的文章制作了上面的代码。

2014-08-17 06:22:25

其他回答

下面是一个python解决方案，它是高效的，文档化的，包含三个单元测试。它具有专业级的质量，并且可以以模块的形式放入您的项目中。

import unittest

###############################################################################
def point_in_triangle(point, triangle):
    """Returns True if the point is inside the triangle
    and returns False if it falls outside.
    - The argument *point* is a tuple with two elements
    containing the X,Y coordinates respectively.
    - The argument *triangle* is a tuple with three elements each
    element consisting of a tuple of X,Y coordinates.

    It works like this:
    Walk clockwise or counterclockwise around the triangle
    and project the point onto the segment we are crossing
    by using the dot product.
    Finally, check that the vector created is on the same side
    for each of the triangle's segments.
    """
    # Unpack arguments
    x, y = point
    ax, ay = triangle[0]
    bx, by = triangle[1]
    cx, cy = triangle[2]
    # Segment A to B
    side_1 = (x - bx) * (ay - by) - (ax - bx) * (y - by)
    # Segment B to C
    side_2 = (x - cx) * (by - cy) - (bx - cx) * (y - cy)
    # Segment C to A
    side_3 = (x - ax) * (cy - ay) - (cx - ax) * (y - ay)
    # All the signs must be positive or all negative
    return (side_1 < 0.0) == (side_2 < 0.0) == (side_3 < 0.0)

###############################################################################
class TestPointInTriangle(unittest.TestCase):

    triangle = ((22 , 8),
                (12 , 55),
                (7 , 19))

    def test_inside(self):
        point = (15, 20)
        self.assertTrue(point_in_triangle(point, self.triangle))

    def test_outside(self):
        point = (1, 7)
        self.assertFalse(point_in_triangle(point, self.triangle))

    def test_border_case(self):
        """If the point is exactly on one of the triangle's edges,
        we consider it is inside."""
        point = (7, 19)
        self.assertTrue(point_in_triangle(point, self.triangle))

###############################################################################
if __name__ == "__main__":
    suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestPointInTriangle)
    unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)

上面的算法有一个额外的可选图形测试，以确认其有效性:

import random
from matplotlib import pyplot
from triangle_test import point_in_triangle

###############################################################################
# The area #
size_x = 64
size_y = 64

# The triangle #
triangle = ((22 , 8),
            (12 , 55),
            (7 , 19))

# Number of random points #
count_points = 10000

# Prepare the figure #
figure = pyplot.figure()
axes = figure.add_subplot(111, aspect='equal')
axes.set_title("Test the 'point_in_triangle' function")
axes.set_xlim(0, size_x)
axes.set_ylim(0, size_y)

# Plot the triangle #
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
axes.add_patch(Polygon(triangle, linewidth=1, edgecolor='k', facecolor='none'))

# Plot the points #
for i in range(count_points):
    x = random.uniform(0, size_x)
    y = random.uniform(0, size_y)
    if point_in_triangle((x,y), triangle): pyplot.plot(x, y, '.g')
    else:                                  pyplot.plot(x, y, '.b')

# Save it #
figure.savefig("point_in_triangle.pdf")

制作以下图表:

2018-07-23 12:57:41

我在最后一次尝试谷歌和找到这个页面之前写了这段代码，所以我想我应该分享它。它基本上是Kisielewicz答案的优化版本。我也研究了重心法，但从维基百科的文章来看，我很难看出它是如何更有效的(我猜有一些更深层次的等价性)。不管怎样，这个算法的优点是不用除法;一个潜在的问题是边缘检测的行为取决于方向。

bool intpoint_inside_trigon(intPoint s, intPoint a, intPoint b, intPoint c)
{
    int as_x = s.x - a.x;
    int as_y = s.y - a.y;

    bool s_ab = (b.x - a.x) * as_y - (b.y - a.y) * as_x > 0;

    if ((c.x - a.x) * as_y - (c.y - a.y) * as_x > 0 == s_ab) 
        return false;
    if ((c.x - b.x) * (s.y - b.y) - (c.y - b.y)*(s.x - b.x) > 0 != s_ab) 
        return false;
    return true;
}

换句话说，思想是这样的:点s是在直线AB和直线AC的左边还是右边?如果是真的，它就不可能在里面。如果为假，则至少在“锥”内满足条件。现在，因为我们知道三角形(三角形)内的一个点必须与BC(以及CA)在AB的同一侧，我们检查它们是否不同。如果有，s就不可能在里面，否则s一定在里面。

计算中的一些关键字是线半平面和行列式(2x2叉乘)。也许一个更有教学意义的方法是将它看作是一个在AB、BC和CA的同一侧(左或右)的点。然而，上面的方法似乎更适合进行一些优化。

2012-03-18 01:22:31

一个简单的方法是:

找出连接分别指向三角形的三个点顶点和夹角之和这些向量。如果它们的和角度是2*那么点是在三角形里面。

两个解释替代方案的好网站是:

黑卒和沃尔夫勒姆

2010-01-12 14:31:40

因为没有JS的答案，顺时针和逆时针解决方案:

function triangleContains(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, x, y) {

    let det = (bx - ax) * (cy - ay) - (by - ay) * (cx - ax)

    return  det * ((bx - ax) * (y - ay) - (by - ay) * (x - ax)) >= 0 &&
            det * ((cx - bx) * (y - by) - (cy - by) * (x - bx)) >= 0 &&
            det * ((ax - cx) * (y - cy) - (ay - cy) * (x - cx)) >= 0    

}

编辑:修正了两个拼写错误(关于符号和比较)。

https://jsfiddle.net/jniac/rctb3gfL/

我在这里使用与上面描述的相同的方法:如果一个点分别位于AB, BC, CA的“同”边，则它在ABC内。

2017-12-08 23:11:28

If you know the co-ordinates of the three vertices and the co-ordinates of the specific point, then you can get the area of the complete triangle. Afterwards, calculate the area of the three triangle segments (one point being the point given and the other two being any two vertices of the triangle). Thus, you will get the area of the three triangle segments. If the sum of these areas are equal to the total area (that you got previously), then, the point should be inside the triangle. Otherwise, the point is not inside the triangle. This should work. If there are any issues, let me know. Thank you.

2014-08-03 18:56:04

如何确定一个点是否在二维三角形中?

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