我有一个包含15个数字的列表,我需要编写一些代码来生成这些数字的所有32,768种组合。
我已经找到了一些代码(通过谷歌搜索),显然做了我正在寻找的,但我发现代码相当不透明,并谨慎使用它。而且我觉得肯定有更优雅的解决方案。
我唯一想到的就是循环十进制整数1-32768并将其转换为二进制,并使用二进制表示作为筛选器来挑选适当的数字。
有人知道更好的办法吗?使用map(),也许?
我有一个包含15个数字的列表,我需要编写一些代码来生成这些数字的所有32,768种组合。
我已经找到了一些代码(通过谷歌搜索),显然做了我正在寻找的,但我发现代码相当不透明,并谨慎使用它。而且我觉得肯定有更优雅的解决方案。
我唯一想到的就是循环十进制整数1-32768并将其转换为二进制,并使用二进制表示作为筛选器来挑选适当的数字。
有人知道更好的办法吗?使用map(),也许?
当前回答
这段代码采用了一个简单的嵌套列表算法…
# FUNCTION getCombos: To generate all combos of an input list, consider the following sets of nested lists...
#
# [ [ [] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B] ], [ [A,B] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B],[C] ], [ [A,B],[A,C],[B,C] ], [ [A,B,C] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B],[C],[D] ], [ [A,B],[A,C],[B,C],[A,D],[B,D],[C,D] ], [ [A,B,C],[A,B,D],[A,C,D],[B,C,D] ], [ [A,B,C,D] ] ]
#
# There is a set of lists for each number of items that will occur in a combo (including an empty set).
# For each additional item, begin at the back of the list by adding an empty list, then taking the set of
# lists in the previous column (e.g., in the last list, for sets of 3 items you take the existing set of
# 3-item lists and append to it additional lists created by appending the item (4) to the lists in the
# next smallest item count set. In this case, for the three sets of 2-items in the previous list. Repeat
# for each set of lists back to the initial list containing just the empty list.
#
def getCombos(listIn = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'] ):
listCombos = [ [ [] ] ] # list of lists of combos, seeded with a list containing only the empty list
listSimple = [] # list to contain the final returned list of items (e.g., characters)
for item in listIn:
listCombos.append([]) # append an emtpy list to the end for each new item added
for index in xrange(len(listCombos)-1, 0, -1): # set the index range to work through the list
for listPrev in listCombos[index-1]: # retrieve the lists from the previous column
listCur = listPrev[:] # create a new temporary list object to update
listCur.append(item) # add the item to the previous list to make it current
listCombos[index].append(listCur) # list length and append it to the current list
itemCombo = '' # Create a str to concatenate list items into a str
for item in listCur: # concatenate the members of the lists to create
itemCombo += item # create a string of items
listSimple.append(itemCombo) # add to the final output list
return [listSimple, listCombos]
# END getCombos()
其他回答
看看itertools.combination:
itertools.combinations (iterable, r) 返回元素的r长度子序列 输入迭代对象。 组合是按字典排序顺序发出的。那么,如果 Input iterable已排序,则 组合元组将在 排序顺序。
从2.6开始,电池包括在内!
如果有人正在寻找一个反向列表,就像我一样:
stuff = [1, 2, 3, 4]
def reverse(bla, y):
for subset in itertools.combinations(bla, len(bla)-y):
print list(subset)
if y != len(bla):
y += 1
reverse(bla, y)
reverse(stuff, 1)
我想我应该为那些寻求答案的人添加这个函数,而不需要导入itertools或任何其他额外的库。
def powerSet(items):
"""
Power set generator: get all possible combinations of a list’s elements
Input:
items is a list
Output:
returns 2**n combination lists one at a time using a generator
Reference: edx.org 6.00.2x Lecture 2 - Decision Trees and dynamic programming
"""
N = len(items)
# enumerate the 2**N possible combinations
for i in range(2**N):
combo = []
for j in range(N):
# test bit jth of integer i
if (i >> j) % 2 == 1:
combo.append(items[j])
yield combo
简单Yield Generator用法:
for i in powerSet([1,2,3,4]):
print (i, ", ", end="")
以上用法示例的输出:
[], [1], [2], [1, 2], [3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [4]. [1, 4], [2, 4], [1, 2, 4], [3, 4], [1, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4],
如文档中所述
def combinations(iterable, r):
# combinations('ABCD', 2) --> AB AC AD BC BD CD
# combinations(range(4), 3) --> 012 013 023 123
pool = tuple(iterable)
n = len(pool)
if r > n:
return
indices = list(range(r))
yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)
while True:
for i in reversed(range(r)):
if indices[i] != i + n - r:
break
else:
return
indices[i] += 1
for j in range(i+1, r):
indices[j] = indices[j-1] + 1
yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)
x = [2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 6, 4, 7, 8, 3, 9]
for i in combinations(x, 2):
print i
在Python 3中没有itertools,你可以这样做:
def combinations(arr, carry):
for i in range(len(arr)):
yield carry + arr[i]
yield from combinations(arr[i + 1:], carry + arr[i])
其中最初的carry = ""。