flag = 0
requiredCals =12
from itertools import chain, combinations

def powerset(iterable):
    s = list(iterable)  # allows duplicate elements
    return chain.from_iterable(combinations(s, r) for r in range(len(s)+1))

stuff = [2,9,5,1,6]
for i, combo in enumerate(powerset(stuff), 1):
    if(len(combo)>0):
        #print(combo , sum(combo))
        if(sum(combo)== requiredCals):
            flag = 1
            break
if(flag==1):
    print('True')
else:
    print('else')

这段代码采用了一个简单的嵌套列表算法…

# FUNCTION getCombos: To generate all combos of an input list, consider the following sets of nested lists...
#
#           [ [ [] ] ]
#           [ [ [] ], [ [A] ] ]
#           [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B] ],         [ [A,B] ] ]
#           [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B],[C] ],     [ [A,B],[A,C],[B,C] ],                   [ [A,B,C] ] ]
#           [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B],[C],[D] ], [ [A,B],[A,C],[B,C],[A,D],[B,D],[C,D] ], [ [A,B,C],[A,B,D],[A,C,D],[B,C,D] ], [ [A,B,C,D] ] ]
#
#  There is a set of lists for each number of items that will occur in a combo (including an empty set).
#  For each additional item, begin at the back of the list by adding an empty list, then taking the set of
#  lists in the previous column (e.g., in the last list, for sets of 3 items you take the existing set of
#  3-item lists and append to it additional lists created by appending the item (4) to the lists in the
#  next smallest item count set. In this case, for the three sets of 2-items in the previous list. Repeat
#  for each set of lists back to the initial list containing just the empty list.
#

def getCombos(listIn = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'] ):
    listCombos = [ [ [] ] ]     # list of lists of combos, seeded with a list containing only the empty list
    listSimple = []             # list to contain the final returned list of items (e.g., characters)

    for item in listIn:
        listCombos.append([])   # append an emtpy list to the end for each new item added
        for index in xrange(len(listCombos)-1, 0, -1):  # set the index range to work through the list
            for listPrev in listCombos[index-1]:        # retrieve the lists from the previous column
                listCur = listPrev[:]                   # create a new temporary list object to update
                listCur.append(item)                    # add the item to the previous list to make it current
                listCombos[index].append(listCur)       # list length and append it to the current list

                itemCombo = ''                          # Create a str to concatenate list items into a str
                for item in listCur:                    # concatenate the members of the lists to create
                    itemCombo += item                   # create a string of items
                listSimple.append(itemCombo)            # add to the final output list

    return [listSimple, listCombos]
# END getCombos()

这里是另一个解决方案(一行程序)，涉及到使用itertools.combination函数，但这里我们使用了双链表理解式(而不是for循环或sum):

def combs(x):
    return [c for i in range(len(x)+1) for c in combinations(x,i)]

演示:

>>> combs([1,2,3,4])
[(), 
 (1,), (2,), (3,), (4,), 
 (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), 
 (1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4), 
 (1, 2, 3, 4)]

在Python 3中没有itertools，你可以这样做:

def combinations(arr, carry):
    for i in range(len(arr)):
        yield carry + arr[i]
        yield from combinations(arr[i + 1:], carry + arr[i])

其中最初的carry = ""。

如文档中所述

def combinations(iterable, r):
    # combinations('ABCD', 2) --> AB AC AD BC BD CD
    # combinations(range(4), 3) --> 012 013 023 123
    pool = tuple(iterable)
    n = len(pool)
    if r > n:
        return
    indices = list(range(r))
    yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)
    while True:
        for i in reversed(range(r)):
            if indices[i] != i + n - r:
                break
        else:
            return
        indices[i] += 1
        for j in range(i+1, r):
            indices[j] = indices[j-1] + 1
        yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)


x = [2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 6, 4, 7, 8, 3, 9]
for i in combinations(x, 2):
    print i

正如James Brady提到的，你的itertools.combination是一个键。但这并不是一个完整的解决方案。

解决方案1

import itertools
def all(lst):
    # ci is a bitmask which denotes particular combination,
    # see explanation below
    for ci in range(1, 2**len(lst)):
        yield tuple(itertools.compress(
            lst,
            [ci & (1<<k) for k in  range(0, len(lst))]
        ))

解决方案2

import itertools
def all_combs(lst):
    for r in range(1, len(lst)+1):
        for comb in itertools.combinations(lst, r):
            yield comb

例子

>>> list(all_combs([1,2,3]))
[(1,), (2,), (3,), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 2, 3)]
>>> len(list(all_combs([1,2,3])))
7
>>> len(list(all_combs(range(0, 15))))
32767
>>> list(all([1,2,3]))
[(1,), (2,), (1, 2), (3,), (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 2, 3)]
>>> len(list(all(range(15))))
32767

解释

假设数组A的长度为N，让长度为N的位掩码B表示一个特定的组合C。如果B[i]是1，那么A[i]属于组合C。

方案1说明

所以我们可以遍历所有的位掩码并用这个位掩码过滤源数组A，这可以通过itertools。compress来完成。

方案2说明

.．.或者，我们可以用组合来表示

现在我们需要考虑这样的情况，当B中只有一个1，然后只有两个1，等等。每种情况都属于特定的组合。 因此，一旦我们组合所有的组合集，我们将得到所有的子序列。

同样，很明显，在这种情况下，所有可能的组合的数量是2^N - 1。当所有B[i]都为零时，我们省略大小写，因为我们假设空集不是一个组合。否则，就不要减去1。