在C或c++应用程序中出现内存泄漏是可以接受的吗?
如果分配一些内存并一直使用到应用程序中的最后一行代码(例如,全局对象的析构函数),会怎样?只要内存消耗不随时间增长,那么当应用程序终止时(在Windows、Mac和Linux上),是否可以信任操作系统为您释放内存?如果内存一直被使用,直到被操作系统释放,您会认为这是真正的内存泄漏吗?
如果是第三方库将这种情况强加给您,该怎么办?会拒绝使用第三方库,不管它有多好?
我只看到了一个实际的缺点,那就是这些良性泄漏将在内存泄漏检测工具中显示为误报。
我只看到了一个实际的缺点,那就是这些良性泄漏将在内存泄漏检测工具中显示为误报。
If I understood correctly, you don't explicitly free memory (which can be freed because you still have a pointer) and rely on OS to free it during process termination. Though this may seem okay for simple program, consider the situation where your code is moved into a library and becomes a part of some resident daemon process running 24/7. Say this daemon spawns a thread each time it needs to do something useful using your code and say it spawns thousands of threads every hour. In this case you will get real memory leak.
不幸的是,这种情况在现实生活中并非不可能,一致的内存管理技术可能会使您的生活更轻松。
一般情况下,如果遇到无法避免的内存泄漏,则需要更加认真地考虑对象所有权问题。
但对于你的问题,我的回答是在产品代码中,是的。在开发过程中,没有。这听起来可能有些倒退,但我的理由是:
In the situation you describe, where the memory is held until the end of the program, it's perfectly okay to not release it. Once your process exits, the OS will clean up anyway. In fact, it might make the user's experience better: In a game I've worked on, the programmers thought it would be cleaner to free all the memory before exiting, causing the shutdown of the program to take up to half a minute! A quick change that just called exit() instead made the process disappear immediately, and put the user back to the desktop where he wanted to be.
但是,您对调试工具的看法是正确的:它们会突然发作,而且所有的假阳性可能会使查找真正的内存泄漏变得很痛苦。正因为如此,总是编写释放内存的调试代码,并在发布时禁用它。
首先,让我们把定义更正一下。内存泄漏是指动态分配内存,例如使用malloc(),并且所有对内存的引用都在没有相应的free的情况下丢失。制作一个简单的方法是这样的:
#define BLK ((size_t)1024)
while(1){
void * vp = malloc(BLK);
}
注意,每次在while(1)循环中,分配1024(+开销)字节,并将新地址分配给vp;没有指向之前malloc 'Ed块的剩余指针。这个程序保证运行到堆用完为止,并且没有办法恢复任何malloc'ed内存。内存从堆中“泄漏”出来,再也看不见了。
你所描述的,听起来就像
int main(){
void * vp = malloc(LOTS);
// Go do something useful
return 0;
}
你分配内存,使用它直到程序结束。这不是内存泄漏;它不会损害程序,并且当程序终止时,所有的内存将被自动清除。
一般来说,应该避免内存泄漏。首先,因为就像你头顶上的高度和飞机库里的燃料一样,已经泄漏且无法恢复的内存是无用的;其次,在一开始就正确编码,不泄漏内存,比后来发现内存泄漏要容易得多。
从历史上看,在某些边缘情况下,它在某些操作系统上确实很重要。这些边缘情况在未来可能会存在。
Here's an example, on SunOS in the Sun 3 era, there was an issue if a process used exec (or more traditionally fork and then exec), the subsequent new process would inherit the same memory footprint as the parent and it could not be shrunk. If a parent process allocated 1/2 gig of memory and didn't free it before calling exec, the child process would start using that same 1/2 gig (even though it wasn't allocated). This behavior was best exhibited by SunTools (their default windowing system), which was a memory hog. Every app that it spawned was created via fork/exec and inherited SunTools footprint, quickly filling up swap space.