你可以这样包装你的承诺

function wrapPromise(promise) {
  var value, error,
      settled = false,
      resolved = false,
      rejected = false,
      p = promise.then(function(v) {
        value = v;
        settled = true;
        resolved = true;
        return v;
      }, function(err) {
        error = err;
        settled = true;
        rejected = true;
        throw err;
      });
      p.isSettled = function() {
        return settled;
      };
      p.isResolved = function() {
        return resolved;
      };
      p.isRejected = function() {
        return rejected;
      };
      p.value = function() {
        return value;
      };
      p.error = function() {
        return error;
      };
      var pThen = p.then, pCatch = p.catch;
      p.then = function(res, rej) {
        return wrapPromise(pThen(res, rej));
      };
      p.catch = function(rej) {
        return wrapPromise(pCatch(rej));
      };
      return p;
}

警告:process.binding(“跑龙套”)。节点16上的getPromiseDetails未定义!

基准:

候选人:

/**
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/47009572/5318303
 */
const isPromisePending1 = (() => { // noinspection JSUnresolvedFunction
    const util = process.binding('util')  // noinspection JSUnresolvedFunction
    return promise => !util.getPromiseDetails(promise)[0]
})()

/**
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/35852666/5318303
 */
const isPromisePending2 = (promise) => util.inspect(promise) === 'Promise { <pending> }'

/**
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/35820220/5318303
 */
const isPromisePending3 = (promise) => {
    const t = {}
    return Promise.race([promise, t])
            .then(v => v === t, () => false)
}

测试的承诺:

const a = Promise.resolve()
const b = Promise.reject()
const c = new Promise(() => {})
const x = (async () => 1)()

运行基准:

const n = 1000000

console.time('isPromisePending1')
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    isPromisePending1(a)
    isPromisePending1(b)
    isPromisePending1(c)
    isPromisePending1(x)
}
console.timeEnd('isPromisePending1')

console.time('isPromisePending2')
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    isPromisePending2(a)
    isPromisePending2(b)
    isPromisePending2(c)
    isPromisePending2(x)
}
console.timeEnd('isPromisePending2')

console.time('isPromisePending3')
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    await isPromisePending3(a)
    await isPromisePending3(b)
    await isPromisePending3(c)
    await isPromisePending3(x)
}
console.timeEnd('isPromisePending3')

结果:

isPromisePending1: 440.694ms
isPromisePending2: 3.354s
isPromisePending3: 4.761s

显然isPromisePending1()太快了(8~10倍)!但它在节点16上不可用!(见上述警告)。

这里是一个更充实的QueryablePromise的es6版本，允许在第一次解析后进行链接和捕获，并立即解析或拒绝以保持api与本机Promise一致。

const PROMISE = Symbol('PROMISE') const tap = fn => x => (fn(x), x) const trace = label => tap(x => console.log(label, x)) class QueryablePromise { resolved = false rejected = false fulfilled = false catchFns = [] constructor(fn) { this[PROMISE] = new Promise(fn) .then(tap(() => { this.fulfilled = true this.resolved = true })) .catch(x => { this.fulfilled = true this.rejected = true return Promise.reject(x) }) } then(fn) { this[PROMISE].then(fn) return this } catch(fn) { this[PROMISE].catch(fn) return this } static resolve(x) { return new QueryablePromise((res) => res(x)) } static reject(x) { return new QueryablePromise((_, rej) => rej(x)) } } const resolvedPromise = new QueryablePromise((res) => { setTimeout(res, 200, 'resolvedPromise') }) const rejectedPromise = new QueryablePromise((_, rej) => { setTimeout(rej, 200, 'rejectedPromise') }) // ensure our promises have not been fulfilled console.log('test 1 before: is resolved', resolvedPromise.resolved) console.log('test 2 before: is rejected', rejectedPromise.rejected) setTimeout(() => { // check to see the resolved status of our promise console.log('test 1 after: is resolved', resolvedPromise.resolved) console.log('test 2 after: is rejected', rejectedPromise.rejected) }, 300) // make sure we can immediately resolve a QueryablePromise const immediatelyResolvedPromise = QueryablePromise.resolve('immediatelyResolvedPromise') // ensure we can chain then .then(trace('test 3 resolved')) .then(trace('test 3 resolved 2')) .catch(trace('test 3 rejected')) // make sure we can immediately reject a QueryablePromise const immediatelyRejectedPromise = QueryablePromise.reject('immediatelyRejectedPromise') .then(trace('test 4 resolved')) .catch(trace('test 4 rejected')) <script src="https://codepen.io/synthet1c/pen/KyQQmL.js"></script>

你能做的就是使用一个变量来存储状态，手动将状态设置为那个变量，然后检查那个变量。

var state = 'pending';

new Promise(function(ff, rjc) {
  //do something async

  if () {//if success
    state = 'resolved';

    ff();//
  } else {
    state = 'rejected';

    rjc();
  }
});

console.log(state);//check the state somewhere else in the code

当然，这意味着您必须能够访问承诺的原始代码。如果你没有，那么你可以这样做:

var state = 'pending';

//you can't access somePromise's code
somePromise.then(function(){
  state = 'resolved';
}, function() {
  state = 'rejected';
})

console.log(state);//check the promise's state somewhere else in the code

我的解决方案是编写更多的代码，但我认为您可能不必对使用的每个承诺都这样做。

这一基本功能的缺失确实令人恼火。如果你正在使用node.js，那么我知道有两种变通方法，它们都不太漂亮。下面的两个代码段实现了相同的API:

> Promise.getInfo( 42 )                         // not a promise
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(42) )        // fulfilled
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.reject(42) )         // rejected
{ status: 'rejected', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( p = new Promise(() => {}) )  // unresolved
{ status: 'pending' }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(p) )         // resolved but pending
{ status: 'pending' }

用这两种方法似乎都无法区分最后两种承诺状态。

1. 使用V8调试API

这和util是一样的。检查使用。

const Debug = require('vm').runInDebugContext('Debug');

Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
    let mirror = Debug.MakeMirror( arg, true );
    if( ! mirror.isPromise() )
        return { status: 'fulfilled', value: arg };
    let status = mirror.status();
    if( status === 'pending' )
        return { status };
    if( status === 'resolved' )  // fix terminology fuck-up
        status = 'fulfilled';
    let value = mirror.promiseValue().value();
    return { status, value };
};

2. 同步运行微任务

这避免了调试API，但是会导致所有挂起的微任务和进程，从而产生一些可怕的语义。nextTick回调将同步运行。它还有一个副作用，就是防止被检查的承诺触发“未处理的承诺拒绝”错误。

Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
    const pending = {};
    let status, value;
    Promise.race([ arg, pending ]).then(
        x => { status = 'fulfilled'; value = x; },
        x => { status = 'rejected'; value = x; }
    );
    process._tickCallback();  // run microtasks right now
    if( value === pending )
        return { status: 'pending' };
    return { status, value };
};

注意:此方法使用未文档化的Node.js内部构件，可以在没有警告的情况下进行更改。

在Node中，你可以使用process.binding('util')来同步确定promise的状态。getPromiseDetails(/* promise */);

这将返回:

[0，]表示未决，

[1， /* value */]表示已实现，或

[2， /* value */]表示拒绝。

const pending = new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => resolve('yakko')));;
const fulfilled = Promise.resolve('wakko');
const rejected = Promise.reject('dot');

[pending, fulfilled, rejected].forEach(promise => {
  console.log(process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(promise));
});

// pending:   [0, ]
// fulfilled: [1, 'wakko']
// rejected:  [2, 'dot']

将其包装到一个helper函数中:

const getStatus = promise => ['pending', 'fulfilled', 'rejected'][
  process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(promise)[0]
];

getStatus(pending); // pending
getStatus(fulfilled); // fulfilled
getStatus(rejected); // rejected