我有一个纯JavaScript承诺(内置实现或poly-fill):
var promise = new promise(函数(解析，拒绝){/*…* /});
从规范来看，Promise可以是:
" settle "和" resolved " “解决”和“拒绝” “等待”
我有一个用例，我希望同步审问承诺并确定:
承诺达成了吗? 如果是，承诺解决了吗?
我知道我可以使用#then()来安排在Promise改变状态后异步执行的工作。我不是在问你该怎么做。
这个问题是关于Promise状态的同步询问。我怎样才能做到这一点呢?
当前回答
这一基本功能的缺失确实令人恼火。如果你正在使用node.js，那么我知道有两种变通方法，它们都不太漂亮。下面的两个代码段实现了相同的API:
> Promise.getInfo( 42 ) // not a promise
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(42) ) // fulfilled
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.reject(42) ) // rejected
{ status: 'rejected', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( p = new Promise(() => {}) ) // unresolved
{ status: 'pending' }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(p) ) // resolved but pending
{ status: 'pending' }
用这两种方法似乎都无法区分最后两种承诺状态。
1. 使用V8调试API
这和util是一样的。检查使用。
const Debug = require('vm').runInDebugContext('Debug');
Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
let mirror = Debug.MakeMirror( arg, true );
if( ! mirror.isPromise() )
return { status: 'fulfilled', value: arg };
let status = mirror.status();
if( status === 'pending' )
return { status };
if( status === 'resolved' ) // fix terminology fuck-up
status = 'fulfilled';
let value = mirror.promiseValue().value();
return { status, value };
};
2. 同步运行微任务
这避免了调试API，但是会导致所有挂起的微任务和进程，从而产生一些可怕的语义。nextTick回调将同步运行。它还有一个副作用，就是防止被检查的承诺触发“未处理的承诺拒绝”错误。
Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
const pending = {};
let status, value;
Promise.race([ arg, pending ]).then(
x => { status = 'fulfilled'; value = x; },
x => { status = 'rejected'; value = x; }
);
process._tickCallback(); // run microtasks right now
if( value === pending )
return { status: 'pending' };
return { status, value };
};
其他回答
这一基本功能的缺失确实令人恼火。如果你正在使用node.js，那么我知道有两种变通方法，它们都不太漂亮。下面的两个代码段实现了相同的API:
> Promise.getInfo( 42 ) // not a promise
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(42) ) // fulfilled
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.reject(42) ) // rejected
{ status: 'rejected', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( p = new Promise(() => {}) ) // unresolved
{ status: 'pending' }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(p) ) // resolved but pending
{ status: 'pending' }
用这两种方法似乎都无法区分最后两种承诺状态。
1. 使用V8调试API
这和util是一样的。检查使用。
const Debug = require('vm').runInDebugContext('Debug');
Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
let mirror = Debug.MakeMirror( arg, true );
if( ! mirror.isPromise() )
return { status: 'fulfilled', value: arg };
let status = mirror.status();
if( status === 'pending' )
return { status };
if( status === 'resolved' ) // fix terminology fuck-up
status = 'fulfilled';
let value = mirror.promiseValue().value();
return { status, value };
};
2. 同步运行微任务
这避免了调试API，但是会导致所有挂起的微任务和进程，从而产生一些可怕的语义。nextTick回调将同步运行。它还有一个副作用，就是防止被检查的承诺触发“未处理的承诺拒绝”错误。
Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
const pending = {};
let status, value;
Promise.race([ arg, pending ]).then(
x => { status = 'fulfilled'; value = x; },
x => { status = 'rejected'; value = x; }
);
process._tickCallback(); // run microtasks right now
if( value === pending )
return { status: 'pending' };
return { status, value };
};
如果你正在使用ES7实验版，你可以使用async轻松地包装你想要收听的承诺。
async function getClient() {
let client, resolved = false;
try {
client = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let client = new Client();
let timer = setTimeout(() => {
reject(new Error(`timeout`, 1000));
client.close();
});
client.on('ready', () => {
if(!resolved) {
clearTimeout(timer);
resolve(client);
}
});
client.on('error', (error) => {
if(!resolved) {
clearTimeout(timer);
reject(error);
}
});
client.on('close', (hadError) => {
if(!resolved && !hadError) {
clearTimeout(timer);
reject(new Error("close"));
}
});
});
resolved = true;
} catch(error) {
resolved = true;
throw error;
}
return client;
}
你可以在Promise.prototype中添加一个方法。它是这样的:
编辑:第一个解决方案不能正常工作，就像这里的大多数答案一样。它返回“pending”直到异步函数“。然后”被调用，这不是立即发生的。(使用Promise.race的解决方案也是如此)。我的第二个解决方案解决了这个问题。
if (window.Promise) {
Promise.prototype.getState = function () {
if (!this.state) {
this.state = "pending";
var that = this;
this.then(
function (v) {
that.state = "resolved";
return v;
},
function (e) {
that.state = "rejected";
return e;
});
}
return this.state;
};
}
你可以在任何承诺上使用它。为例:
myPromise = new Promise(myFunction);
console.log(myPromise.getState()); // pending|resolved|rejected
第二个(也是正确的)解决方案:
if (window.Promise) {
Promise.stateable = function (func) {
var state = "pending";
var pending = true;
var newPromise = new Promise(wrapper);
newPromise.state = state;
return newPromise;
function wrapper(resolve, reject) {
func(res, rej);
function res(e) {
resolve(e);
if (pending) {
if (newPromise)
newPromise.state = "resolved";
else
state = "resolved";
pending = false;
}
}
function rej(e) {
reject(e);
if (pending) {
if (newPromise)
newPromise.state = "rejected";
else
state = "rejected";
pending = false;
}
}
}
};
}
并使用它:
注意:在这个解决方案中，您不必使用“new”操作符。
myPromise = Promise.stateable(myFunction);
console.log(myPromise.state); // pending|resolved|rejected
不，没有同步API，但这是我的async承诺(在@Matthijs的帮助下):
函数promiseState(p) { Const t = {}; 回报的承诺。种族([p t]) .then(v => (v == t)?"pending": " completed "， () => "rejected"); ｝ var a = Promise.resolve(); var b = Promise.reject(); var c = new Promise(() => {}); promiseState (a)。Then (state => console.log(state));/ /实现 promiseState (b)。Then (state => console.log(state));/ /拒绝 promiseState (c)。Then (state => console.log(state));/ /等待
这里是一个更充实的QueryablePromise的es6版本，允许在第一次解析后进行链接和捕获，并立即解析或拒绝以保持api与本机Promise一致。
const PROMISE = Symbol('PROMISE') const tap = fn => x => (fn(x), x) const trace = label => tap(x => console.log(label, x)) class QueryablePromise { resolved = false rejected = false fulfilled = false catchFns = [] constructor(fn) { this[PROMISE] = new Promise(fn) .then(tap(() => { this.fulfilled = true this.resolved = true })) .catch(x => { this.fulfilled = true this.rejected = true return Promise.reject(x) }) } then(fn) { this[PROMISE].then(fn) return this } catch(fn) { this[PROMISE].catch(fn) return this } static resolve(x) { return new QueryablePromise((res) => res(x)) } static reject(x) { return new QueryablePromise((_, rej) => rej(x)) } } const resolvedPromise = new QueryablePromise((res) => { setTimeout(res, 200, 'resolvedPromise') }) const rejectedPromise = new QueryablePromise((_, rej) => { setTimeout(rej, 200, 'rejectedPromise') }) // ensure our promises have not been fulfilled console.log('test 1 before: is resolved', resolvedPromise.resolved) console.log('test 2 before: is rejected', rejectedPromise.rejected) setTimeout(() => { // check to see the resolved status of our promise console.log('test 1 after: is resolved', resolvedPromise.resolved) console.log('test 2 after: is rejected', rejectedPromise.rejected) }, 300) // make sure we can immediately resolve a QueryablePromise const immediatelyResolvedPromise = QueryablePromise.resolve('immediatelyResolvedPromise') // ensure we can chain then .then(trace('test 3 resolved')) .then(trace('test 3 resolved 2')) .catch(trace('test 3 rejected')) // make sure we can immediately reject a QueryablePromise const immediatelyRejectedPromise = QueryablePromise.reject('immediatelyRejectedPromise') .then(trace('test 4 resolved')) .catch(trace('test 4 rejected')) <script src="https://codepen.io/synthet1c/pen/KyQQmL.js"></script>
