这一基本功能的缺失确实令人恼火。如果你正在使用node.js，那么我知道有两种变通方法，它们都不太漂亮。下面的两个代码段实现了相同的API:

> Promise.getInfo( 42 )                         // not a promise
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(42) )        // fulfilled
{ status: 'fulfilled', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.reject(42) )         // rejected
{ status: 'rejected', value: 42 }
> Promise.getInfo( p = new Promise(() => {}) )  // unresolved
{ status: 'pending' }
> Promise.getInfo( Promise.resolve(p) )         // resolved but pending
{ status: 'pending' }

用这两种方法似乎都无法区分最后两种承诺状态。

1. 使用V8调试API

这和util是一样的。检查使用。

const Debug = require('vm').runInDebugContext('Debug');

Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
    let mirror = Debug.MakeMirror( arg, true );
    if( ! mirror.isPromise() )
        return { status: 'fulfilled', value: arg };
    let status = mirror.status();
    if( status === 'pending' )
        return { status };
    if( status === 'resolved' )  // fix terminology fuck-up
        status = 'fulfilled';
    let value = mirror.promiseValue().value();
    return { status, value };
};

2. 同步运行微任务

这避免了调试API，但是会导致所有挂起的微任务和进程，从而产生一些可怕的语义。nextTick回调将同步运行。它还有一个副作用，就是防止被检查的承诺触发“未处理的承诺拒绝”错误。

Promise.getInfo = function( arg ) {
    const pending = {};
    let status, value;
    Promise.race([ arg, pending ]).then(
        x => { status = 'fulfilled'; value = x; },
        x => { status = 'rejected'; value = x; }
    );
    process._tickCallback();  // run microtasks right now
    if( value === pending )
        return { status: 'pending' };
    return { status, value };
};

不，没有同步API，但这是我的async承诺(在@Matthijs的帮助下):

函数promiseState(p) { Const t = {}; 回报的承诺。种族([p t]) .then(v => (v == t)?"pending": " completed "， () => "rejected"); ｝ var a = Promise.resolve(); var b = Promise.reject(); var c = new Promise(() => {}); promiseState (a)。Then (state => console.log(state));/ /实现 promiseState (b)。Then (state => console.log(state));/ /拒绝 promiseState (c)。Then (state => console.log(state));/ /等待

在节点中，写入未记录的内部进程。

> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(Promise.resolve({data: [1,2,3]}));
[ 1, { data: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ]

> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(Promise.reject(new Error('no')));
[ 2, Error: no ]

> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(new Promise((resolve) => {}));
[ 0, <1 empty item> ]

2019:

据我所知，做到这一点的简单方法是thenable，超薄包装承诺或任何异步作业。

const sleep = (t) => new Promise(res => setTimeout(res,t));
const sleeping = sleep(30);

function track(promise){
    let state = 'pending';
    promise = promise.finally( _=> state ='fulfilled');
    return {
        get state(){return state},
        then: promise.then.bind(promise), /*thentable*/
        finally:promise.finally.bind(promise),
        catch:promise.catch.bind(promise),
    }
}


promise = track(sleeping);
console.log(promise.state) // pending

promise.then(function(){
    console.log(promise.state); // fulfilled
})

这是我使用的将来模式:(https://github.com/Smallscript-Corp)

启用同步和异步fn使用 使事件模式与异步行为统一

class XPromise extends Promise {
  state = 'pending'
  get settled() {return(this.state !== 'pending')}
  resolve(v,...a) {
    this.state = 'resolved'
    return(this.resolve_(this.value = v,...a))
  }
  reject(e,...a) {
    this.state = 'rejected'
    return(this.reject_(this.value = (e instanceof Error) ? e : XPromise.Error(e),...a))
  }
  static Error(e) {const v = Error('value-rejected'); v.value = e; return(v)}
  static Future(fn,...args) { // FactoryFn
    let r,t,fv = new XPromise((r_,t_) => {r=r_;t=t_})
    fv.resolve_ = r; fv.reject_  = t;
    switch(typeof fn) {
      case 'undefined': break; case 'function': fn(fv,...args); break;
      default: fv.resolve(fn)
    }
    return(fv)
  }
}
global.Future = XPromise.Future

然后你可以创建可以使用同步和异步函数来解决的未来价值实例;支持统一处理事件。

你可以用它来写一个像这样的模式:

async doSomething() {
  // Start both - logically async-parallel
  const fvIsNetworkOnLine = this.fvIsNetworkOnline
  const fvAuthToken = this.fvAuthToken
  // await both (order not critical since both started/queued above)
  await fvAuthToken
  await fvIsNetworkOnLine
  // ... we can check the future values here if needed `fv.resolved`, `fv.state` etc
  // ... do dependent workflow here ...
}
onNetworkOnLine(fIsOnline) {
  // We utilize the `fv.settled` below, and use the event to `settle` it etc
  if(fIsOnline) {
    if(this.fvNetworkAvailable_)
      this.fvNetworkAvailable_.resolve(true)
    this.fvNetworkAvailable_ = undefined
  }
  else if(this.fvNetworkAvailable_.settled) {
    this.fvNetworkAvailable_ = undefined
  }
}
get fvNetworkAvailable() {
  if(navigator.onLine)
    return true
  else if(this.fvNetworkAvailable_)
    return this.fvNetworkAvailable_
  return (this.fvNetworkAvailable_ = Future())
}
get fvAuthToken() {
  if(this.fvAuthToken_)
    return this.fvAuthToken_
  const authTokenFv = async fv => {
    // ... handle retry logic etc here ...
  }
  return(this.fvAuthToken_ = Future(authTokenFv))
}

你可以和Promise.resolve赛跑 它不是同步的，但现在就发生了

function promiseState(p, isPending, isResolved, isRejected) {
  Promise.race([p, Promise.resolve('a value that p should not return')]).then(function(value) {
    if (value == 'a value that p should not return') {
      (typeof(isPending) === 'function') && isPending();
    }else {
      (typeof(isResolved) === 'function') && isResolved(value);
    }
  }, function(reason) {
    (typeof(isRejected) === 'function') && isRejected(reason);
  });
}

一个用于测试的小脚本，并理解异步的含义

var startTime = Date.now() - 100000;//padding trick "100001".slice(1) => 00001
function log(msg) {
  console.log((""+(Date.now() - startTime)).slice(1) + ' ' + msg);
  return msg;//for chaining promises
};

function prefix(pref) { return function (value) { log(pref + value); return value; };}

function delay(ms) {
  return function (value) {
    var startTime = Date.now();
    while(Date.now() - startTime < ms) {}
    return value;//for chaining promises
  };
}
setTimeout(log, 0,'timeOut 0 ms');
setTimeout(log, 100,'timeOut 100 ms');
setTimeout(log, 200,'timeOut 200 ms');

var p1 = Promise.resolve('One');
var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 100, "Two"); });
var p3 = Promise.reject("Three");

p3.catch(delay(200)).then(delay(100)).then(prefix('delayed L3 : '));

promiseState(p1, prefix('p1 Is Pending '), prefix('p1 Is Resolved '), prefix('p1 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p2, prefix('p2 Is Pending '), prefix('p2 Is Resolved '), prefix('p2 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p3, prefix('p3 Is Pending '), prefix('p3 Is Resolved '), prefix('p3 Is Rejected '));

p1.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p2.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p3.catch(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
log('end of promises');
delay(100)();
log('end of script');

延迟(0)的结果(注释在延迟中的while)

00001 end of promises
00001 end of script
00001 Level 1 : One
00001 Level 1 : Three
00001 p1 Is Resolved One
00001 p2 Is Pending undefined
00001 p3 Is Rejected Three
00001 Level 2 : One
00001 Level 2 : Three
00001 delayed L3 : Three
00002 Level 3 : One
00002 Level 3 : Three
00006 timeOut 0 ms
00100 timeOut 100 ms
00100 Level 1 : Two
00100 Level 2 : Two
00101 Level 3 : Two
00189 timeOut 200 ms

与firefox(chrome保持顺序)测试的结果

00000 end of promises
00100 end of script
00300 Level 1 : One
00300 Level 1 : Three
00400 p1 Is Resolved One
00400 p2 Is Pending undefined
00400 p3 Is Rejected Three
00400 Level 2 : One
00400 Level 2 : Three
00400 delayed L3 : Three
00400 Level 3 : One
00400 Level 3 : Three
00406 timeOut 0 ms
00406 timeOut 100 ms
00406 timeOut 200 ms
00406 Level 1 : Two
00407 Level 2 : Two
00407 Level 3 : Two

promise estate make .race and .then:第二级