允许和使用std::unique_ptr<T[]>的另一个原因是，到目前为止还没有在响应中提到:它允许向前声明数组元素类型。

当您希望最小化头文件中的链式#include语句(以优化构建性能)时，这非常有用。

例如:

myclass.h:

class ALargeAndComplicatedClassWithLotsOfDependencies;

class MyClass {
   ...
private:
   std::unique_ptr<ALargeAndComplicatedClassWithLotsOfDependencies[]> m_InternalArray;
};

myclass.cpp:

#include "myclass.h"
#include "ALargeAndComplicatedClassWithLotsOfDependencies.h"

// MyClass implementation goes here

使用上面的代码结构，任何人都可以#include " MyClass .h"并使用MyClass，而不必包括MyClass::m_InternalArray所要求的内部实现依赖。

如果m_InternalArray被声明为std::array< alargeandcomplatedclasswithlotsofdependencies >，或者std::vector<…> -结果将尝试使用不完整的类型，这是一个编译时错误。

在一些Windows Win32 API调用中可以找到一个常见的模式，其中使用std::unique_ptr<T[]>可以派上用场，例如，当你调用一些Win32 API(将在该缓冲区中写入一些数据)时，不知道输出缓冲区应该有多大:

// Buffer dynamically allocated by the caller, and filled by some Win32 API function.
// (Allocation will be made inside the 'while' loop below.)
std::unique_ptr<BYTE[]> buffer;

// Buffer length, in bytes.
// Initialize with some initial length that you expect to succeed at the first API call.
UINT32 bufferLength = /* ... */;

LONG returnCode = ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
while (returnCode == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
{
    // Allocate buffer of specified length
    buffer.reset( BYTE[bufferLength] );
    //        
    // Or, in C++14, could use make_unique() instead, e.g.
    //
    // buffer = std::make_unique<BYTE[]>(bufferLength);
    //

    //
    // Call some Win32 API.
    //
    // If the size of the buffer (stored in 'bufferLength') is not big enough,
    // the API will return ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER, and the required size
    // in the [in, out] parameter 'bufferLength'.
    // In that case, there will be another try in the next loop iteration
    // (with the allocation of a bigger buffer).
    //
    // Else, we'll exit the while loop body, and there will be either a failure
    // different from ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER, or the call will be successful
    // and the required information will be available in the buffer.
    //
    returnCode = ::SomeApiCall(inParam1, inParam2, inParam3, 
                               &bufferLength, // size of output buffer
                               buffer.get(),  // output buffer pointer
                               &outParam1, &outParam2);
}

if (Failed(returnCode))
{
    // Handle failure, or throw exception, etc.
    ...
}

// All right!
// Do some processing with the returned information...
...

如果您需要一个不可复制构造的对象的动态数组，那么可以使用一个指向数组的智能指针。例如，如果您需要一个原子数组怎么办?

std::vector可以被复制，而unique_ptr<int[]>允许表示数组的唯一所有权。另一方面，Std::array要求在编译时确定大小，这在某些情况下可能是不可能的。

允许和使用std::unique_ptr<T[]>的另一个原因是，到目前为止还没有在响应中提到:它允许向前声明数组元素类型。

当您希望最小化头文件中的链式#include语句(以优化构建性能)时，这非常有用。

例如:

myclass.h:

class ALargeAndComplicatedClassWithLotsOfDependencies;

class MyClass {
   ...
private:
   std::unique_ptr<ALargeAndComplicatedClassWithLotsOfDependencies[]> m_InternalArray;
};

myclass.cpp:

#include "myclass.h"
#include "ALargeAndComplicatedClassWithLotsOfDependencies.h"

// MyClass implementation goes here

使用上面的代码结构，任何人都可以#include " MyClass .h"并使用MyClass，而不必包括MyClass::m_InternalArray所要求的内部实现依赖。

如果m_InternalArray被声明为std::array< alargeandcomplatedclasswithlotsofdependencies >，或者std::vector<…> -结果将尝试使用不完整的类型，这是一个编译时错误。

简而言之:它是迄今为止最节省内存的。

A std::string comes with a pointer, a length, and a "short-string-optimization" buffer. But my situation is I need to store a string that is almost always empty, in a structure that I have hundreds of thousands of. In C, I would just use char *, and it would be null most of the time. Which works for C++, too, except that a char * has no destructor, and doesn't know to delete itself. By contrast, a std::unique_ptr<char[]> will delete itself when it goes out of scope. An empty std::string takes up 32 bytes, but an empty std::unique_ptr<char[]> takes up 8 bytes, that is, exactly the size of its pointer.

最大的缺点是，每次我想知道字符串的长度，我必须调用strlen。