为什么要让它变得复杂？这在Visual Studio 2008中很简单：

C#:

string hex = BitConverter.ToString(YourByteArray).Replace("-", "");

VB:

Dim hex As String = BitConverter.ToString(YourByteArray).Replace("-", "")

    // a safe version of the lookup solution:       

    public static string ByteArrayToHexViaLookup32Safe(byte[] bytes, bool withZeroX)
    {
        if (bytes.Length == 0)
        {
            return withZeroX ? "0x" : "";
        }

        int length = bytes.Length * 2 + (withZeroX ? 2 : 0);
        StateSmall stateToPass = new StateSmall(bytes, withZeroX);
        return string.Create(length, stateToPass, (chars, state) =>
        {
            int offset0x = 0;
            if (state.WithZeroX)
            {
                chars[0] = '0';
                chars[1] = 'x';
                offset0x += 2;
            }

            Span<uint> charsAsInts = MemoryMarshal.Cast<char, uint>(chars.Slice(offset0x));
            int targetLength = state.Bytes.Length;
            for (int i = 0; i < targetLength; i += 1)
            {
                uint val = Lookup32[state.Bytes[i]];
                charsAsInts[i] = val;
            }
        });
    }

    private struct StateSmall
    {
        public StateSmall(byte[] bytes, bool withZeroX)
        {
            Bytes = bytes;
            WithZeroX = withZeroX;
        }

        public byte[] Bytes;
        public bool WithZeroX;
    }

对于插入SQL字符串（如果不使用命令参数）：

public static String ByteArrayToSQLHexString(byte[] Source)
{
    return = "0x" + BitConverter.ToString(Source).Replace("-", "");
}

这里不想赘述很多答案，但我发现了一个十六进制字符串解析器的相当优化（比公认的好4.5倍）、简单的实现。首先，我的测试输出（第一批是我的实现）：

Give me that string:
04c63f7842740c77e545bb0b2ade90b384f119f6ab57b680b7aa575a2f40939f

Time to parse 100,000 times: 50.4192 ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

Accepted answer: (StringToByteArray)
Time to parse 100000 times: 233.1264ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

With Mono's implementation:
Time to parse 100000 times: 777.2544ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

With SoapHexBinary:
Time to parse 100000 times: 845.1456ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

base64和“BitConverter'd”行用于测试正确性。请注意，它们是相等的。

实施：

public static byte[] ToByteArrayFromHex(string hexString)
{
  if (hexString.Length % 2 != 0) throw new ArgumentException("String must have an even length");
  var array = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
  for (int i = 0; i < hexString.Length; i += 2)
  {
    array[i/2] = ByteFromTwoChars(hexString[i], hexString[i + 1]);
  }
  return array;
}

private static byte ByteFromTwoChars(char p, char p_2)
{
  byte ret;
  if (p <= '9' && p >= '0')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - '0') << 4);
  }
  else if (p <= 'f' && p >= 'a')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - 'a' + 10) << 4);
  }
  else if (p <= 'F' && p >= 'A')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - 'A' + 10) << 4);
  } else throw new ArgumentException("Char is not a hex digit: " + p,"p");

  if (p_2 <= '9' && p_2 >= '0')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - '0'));
  }
  else if (p_2 <= 'f' && p_2 >= 'a')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - 'a' + 10));
  }
  else if (p_2 <= 'F' && p_2 >= 'A')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - 'A' + 10));
  } else throw new ArgumentException("Char is not a hex digit: " + p_2, "p_2");

  return ret;
}

我尝试了一些不安全的东西，并将（显然是冗余的）字符移动到另一个方法来蚕食if序列，但这是最快的。

（我承认这回答了一半的问题。我觉得字符串->字节[]转换不足，而字节[]->字符串角度似乎被很好地覆盖了。因此，这个答案。）

安全版本：

public static class HexHelper
{
    [System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Pure]
    public static string ToHex(this byte[] value)
    {
        if (value == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("value");

        const string hexAlphabet = @"0123456789ABCDEF";

        var chars = new char[checked(value.Length * 2)];
        unchecked
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < value.Length; i++)
            {
                chars[i * 2] = hexAlphabet[value[i] >> 4];
                chars[i * 2 + 1] = hexAlphabet[value[i] & 0xF];
            }
        }
        return new string(chars);
    }

    [System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Pure]
    public static byte[] FromHex(this string value)
    {
        if (value == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("value");
        if (value.Length % 2 != 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("Hexadecimal value length must be even.", "value");

        unchecked
        {
            byte[] result = new byte[value.Length / 2];
            for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++)
            {
                // 0(48) - 9(57) -> 0 - 9
                // A(65) - F(70) -> 10 - 15
                int b = value[i * 2]; // High 4 bits.
                int val = ((b - '0') + ((('9' - b) >> 31) & -7)) << 4;
                b = value[i * 2 + 1]; // Low 4 bits.
                val += (b - '0') + ((('9' - b) >> 31) & -7);
                result[i] = checked((byte)val);
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

不安全版本适用于那些喜欢性能且不怕不安全的人。ToHex快35%，FromHex快10%。

public static class HexUnsafeHelper
{
    [System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Pure]
    public static unsafe string ToHex(this byte[] value)
    {
        if (value == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("value");

        const string alphabet = @"0123456789ABCDEF";

        string result = new string(' ', checked(value.Length * 2));
        fixed (char* alphabetPtr = alphabet)
        fixed (char* resultPtr = result)
        {
            char* ptr = resultPtr;
            unchecked
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < value.Length; i++)
                {
                    *ptr++ = *(alphabetPtr + (value[i] >> 4));
                    *ptr++ = *(alphabetPtr + (value[i] & 0xF));
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    [System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Pure]
    public static unsafe byte[] FromHex(this string value)
    {
        if (value == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("value");
        if (value.Length % 2 != 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("Hexadecimal value length must be even.", "value");

        unchecked
        {
            byte[] result = new byte[value.Length / 2];
            fixed (char* valuePtr = value)
            {
                char* valPtr = valuePtr;
                for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++)
                {
                    // 0(48) - 9(57) -> 0 - 9
                    // A(65) - F(70) -> 10 - 15
                    int b = *valPtr++; // High 4 bits.
                    int val = ((b - '0') + ((('9' - b) >> 31) & -7)) << 4;
                    b = *valPtr++; // Low 4 bits.
                    val += (b - '0') + ((('9' - b) >> 31) & -7);
                    result[i] = checked((byte)val);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

顺便提一下对于每次调用的转换函数错误时初始化字母表的基准测试，字母表必须是常量（对于字符串）或静态只读（对于字符[]）。然后，基于字母表的字节[]到字符串的转换变得和字节操作版本一样快。

当然，测试必须在Release中编译（带有优化），并关闭调试选项“抑制JIT优化”（如果代码必须可调试，则“仅启用我的代码”也是如此）。

可以使用从.NET 5开始的Convert.ToHexString。还有一个用于反向操作的方法：Convert.FromHexString。

对于较旧版本的.NET，您可以使用：

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)
{
  StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(ba.Length * 2);
  foreach (byte b in ba)
    hex.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", b);
  return hex.ToString();
}

or:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)
{
  return BitConverter.ToString(ba).Replace("-","");
}

举个例子，这里有更多的方法。

反向转换如下：

public static byte[] StringToByteArray(String hex)
{
  int NumberChars = hex.Length;
  byte[] bytes = new byte[NumberChars / 2];
  for (int i = 0; i < NumberChars; i += 2)
    bytes[i / 2] = Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(i, 2), 16);
  return bytes;
}

使用Substring是与Convert.ToByte结合使用的最佳选项。有关详细信息，请参阅此答案。如果需要更好的性能，必须避免Convert.ToByte，然后才能删除SubString。