我想知道在我的c++程序中某个函数在Linux上执行需要多少时间。之后，我想做一个速度比较。我看到了几个时间函数，但最终从boost。空间:
process_user_cpu_clock, captures user-CPU time spent by the current process
现在，我不清楚如果我使用上述函数，我会得到哪个CPU在该函数上花费的唯一时间吗?
其次，我找不到任何使用上述功能的例子。请问有谁能告诉我如何使用上面的功能?
p.s.:现在，我使用std::chrono::system_clock::now()以秒为单位获得时间，但这给了我不同的结果，因为不同的CPU负载每次。
当前回答
下面是一个优秀的仅头类模板，用于测量函数或任何代码块的运行时间:
#ifndef EXECUTION_TIMER_H
#define EXECUTION_TIMER_H
template<class Resolution = std::chrono::milliseconds>
class ExecutionTimer {
public:
using Clock = std::conditional_t<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::is_steady,
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock,
std::chrono::steady_clock>;
private:
const Clock::time_point mStart = Clock::now();
public:
ExecutionTimer() = default;
~ExecutionTimer() {
const auto end = Clock::now();
std::ostringstream strStream;
strStream << "Destructor Elapsed: "
<< std::chrono::duration_cast<Resolution>( end - mStart ).count()
<< std::endl;
std::cout << strStream.str() << std::endl;
}
inline void stop() {
const auto end = Clock::now();
std::ostringstream strStream;
strStream << "Stop Elapsed: "
<< std::chrono::duration_cast<Resolution>(end - mStart).count()
<< std::endl;
std::cout << strStream.str() << std::endl;
}
}; // ExecutionTimer
#endif // EXECUTION_TIMER_H
下面是它的一些用法:
int main() {
{ // empty scope to display ExecutionTimer's destructor's message
// displayed in milliseconds
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::milliseconds> timer;
// function or code block here
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::microseconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::nanoseconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::seconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
return 0;
}
由于类是一个模板，我们可以很容易地指定real我们想要测量和显示的时间。这是一个非常方便的实用工具类模板，用于做基准标记，非常容易使用。
其他回答
下面是一个优秀的仅头类模板，用于测量函数或任何代码块的运行时间:
#ifndef EXECUTION_TIMER_H
#define EXECUTION_TIMER_H
template<class Resolution = std::chrono::milliseconds>
class ExecutionTimer {
public:
using Clock = std::conditional_t<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::is_steady,
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock,
std::chrono::steady_clock>;
private:
const Clock::time_point mStart = Clock::now();
public:
ExecutionTimer() = default;
~ExecutionTimer() {
const auto end = Clock::now();
std::ostringstream strStream;
strStream << "Destructor Elapsed: "
<< std::chrono::duration_cast<Resolution>( end - mStart ).count()
<< std::endl;
std::cout << strStream.str() << std::endl;
}
inline void stop() {
const auto end = Clock::now();
std::ostringstream strStream;
strStream << "Stop Elapsed: "
<< std::chrono::duration_cast<Resolution>(end - mStart).count()
<< std::endl;
std::cout << strStream.str() << std::endl;
}
}; // ExecutionTimer
#endif // EXECUTION_TIMER_H
下面是它的一些用法:
int main() {
{ // empty scope to display ExecutionTimer's destructor's message
// displayed in milliseconds
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::milliseconds> timer;
// function or code block here
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::microseconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::nanoseconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::seconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
return 0;
}
由于类是一个模板，我们可以很容易地指定real我们想要测量和显示的时间。这是一个非常方便的实用工具类模板，用于做基准标记，非常容易使用。
在c++ 11中，这是一个非常容易使用的方法。你必须使用std::chrono::high_resolution_clock from <chrono>头。
像这样使用它:
#include <chrono>
/* Only needed for the sake of this example. */
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
void long_operation()
{
/* Simulating a long, heavy operation. */
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
std::this_thread::sleep_for(150ms);
}
int main()
{
using std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
using std::chrono::duration_cast;
using std::chrono::duration;
using std::chrono::milliseconds;
auto t1 = high_resolution_clock::now();
long_operation();
auto t2 = high_resolution_clock::now();
/* Getting number of milliseconds as an integer. */
auto ms_int = duration_cast<milliseconds>(t2 - t1);
/* Getting number of milliseconds as a double. */
duration<double, std::milli> ms_double = t2 - t1;
std::cout << ms_int.count() << "ms\n";
std::cout << ms_double.count() << "ms\n";
return 0;
}
这将度量函数long_operation的持续时间。
可能的输出:
150ms
150.068ms
工作示例:https://godbolt.org/z/oe5cMd
如果你想要安全的时间和代码行，你可以用一行宏来测量函数的执行时间:
a)实现如上所述的时间测量类(这是我的android实现):
class MeasureExecutionTime{
private:
const std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point begin;
const std::string caller;
public:
MeasureExecutionTime(const std::string& caller):caller(caller),begin(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()){}
~MeasureExecutionTime(){
const auto duration=std::chrono::steady_clock::now()-begin;
LOGD("ExecutionTime")<<"For "<<caller<<" is "<<std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(duration).count()<<"ms";
}
};
b)添加一个方便的宏，它使用当前函数名作为TAG(在这里使用宏很重要，否则__FUNCTION__将计算为MeasureExecutionTime而不是你想测量的函数
#ifndef MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME
#define MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME const MeasureExecutionTime measureExecutionTime(__FUNCTION__);
#endif
c)在你想要测量的函数的开头写你的宏。例子:
void DecodeMJPEGtoANativeWindowBuffer(uvc_frame_t* frame_mjpeg,const ANativeWindow_Buffer& nativeWindowBuffer){
MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME
// Do some time-critical stuff
}
这将导致以下输出:
ExecutionTime: For DecodeMJPEGtoANativeWindowBuffer is 54ms
请注意，这(和所有其他建议的解决方案一样)将测量函数被调用和返回之间的时间，而不一定是CPU执行函数的时间。但是，如果您不给调度程序任何更改，通过调用sleep()或类似方法来挂起正在运行的代码，则两者之间没有区别。
这是一个非常基本的定时器类，你可以根据自己的需要进行扩展。我想要一些直接的东西，可以在代码中干净地使用。你可以通过这个链接来修改代码:http://tpcg.io/nd47hFqr。
class local_timer {
private:
std::chrono::_V2::system_clock::time_point start_time;
std::chrono::_V2::system_clock::time_point stop_time;
std::chrono::_V2::system_clock::time_point stop_time_temp;
std::chrono::microseconds most_recent_duration_usec_chrono;
double most_recent_duration_sec;
public:
local_timer() {
};
~local_timer() {
};
void start() {
this->start_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
};
void stop() {
this->stop_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
};
double get_time_now() {
this->stop_time_temp = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
this->most_recent_duration_usec_chrono = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(stop_time_temp-start_time);
this->most_recent_duration_sec = (long double)most_recent_duration_usec_chrono.count()/1000000;
return this->most_recent_duration_sec;
};
double get_duration() {
this->most_recent_duration_usec_chrono = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(stop_time-start_time);
this->most_recent_duration_sec = (long double)most_recent_duration_usec_chrono.count()/1000000;
return this->most_recent_duration_sec;
};
};
这个存在的用处
#include <iostream>
#include "timer.hpp" //if kept in an hpp file in the same folder, can also before your main function
int main() {
//create two timers
local_timer timer1 = local_timer();
local_timer timer2 = local_timer();
//set start time for timer1
timer1.start();
//wait 1 second
while(timer1.get_time_now() < 1.0) {
}
//save time
timer1.stop();
//print time
std::cout << timer1.get_duration() << " seconds, timer 1\n" << std::endl;
timer2.start();
for(long int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
//do something
if(i%1000000 == 0) {
//return time since loop started
std::cout << timer2.get_time_now() << " seconds, timer 2\n"<< std::endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
对于旧的c++或C来说很简单:
#include <time.h> // includes clock_t and CLOCKS_PER_SEC
int main() {
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();
// ...code to measure...
end = clock();
double duration_sec = double(end-start)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
return 0;
}
计时精度(秒)为1.0/CLOCKS_PER_SEC
