我想知道在我的c++程序中某个函数在Linux上执行需要多少时间。之后,我想做一个速度比较。我看到了几个时间函数,但最终从boost。空间:
process_user_cpu_clock, captures user-CPU time spent by the current process
现在,我不清楚如果我使用上述函数,我会得到哪个CPU在该函数上花费的唯一时间吗?
其次,我找不到任何使用上述功能的例子。请问有谁能告诉我如何使用上面的功能?
p.s.:现在,我使用std::chrono::system_clock::now()以秒为单位获得时间,但这给了我不同的结果,因为不同的CPU负载每次。
因为没有一个提供的答案是非常准确的或可复制的结果,我决定添加一个链接到我的代码,具有亚纳秒的精度和科学统计。
Note that this will only work to measure code that takes a (very) short time to run (aka, a few clock cycles to a few thousand): if they run so long that they are likely to be interrupted by some -heh- interrupt, then it is clearly not possible to give a reproducable and accurate result; the consequence of which is that the measurement never finishes: namely, it continues to measure until it is statistically 99.9% sure it has the right answer which never happens on a machine that has other processes running when the code takes too long.
https://github.com/CarloWood/cwds/blob/master/benchmark.h#L40
如果你想要安全的时间和代码行,你可以用一行宏来测量函数的执行时间:
a)实现如上所述的时间测量类(这是我的android实现):
class MeasureExecutionTime{
private:
const std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point begin;
const std::string caller;
public:
MeasureExecutionTime(const std::string& caller):caller(caller),begin(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()){}
~MeasureExecutionTime(){
const auto duration=std::chrono::steady_clock::now()-begin;
LOGD("ExecutionTime")<<"For "<<caller<<" is "<<std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(duration).count()<<"ms";
}
};
b)添加一个方便的宏,它使用当前函数名作为TAG(在这里使用宏很重要,否则__FUNCTION__将计算为MeasureExecutionTime而不是你想测量的函数
#ifndef MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME
#define MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME const MeasureExecutionTime measureExecutionTime(__FUNCTION__);
#endif
c)在你想要测量的函数的开头写你的宏。例子:
void DecodeMJPEGtoANativeWindowBuffer(uvc_frame_t* frame_mjpeg,const ANativeWindow_Buffer& nativeWindowBuffer){
MEASURE_FUNCTION_EXECUTION_TIME
// Do some time-critical stuff
}
这将导致以下输出:
ExecutionTime: For DecodeMJPEGtoANativeWindowBuffer is 54ms
请注意,这(和所有其他建议的解决方案一样)将测量函数被调用和返回之间的时间,而不一定是CPU执行函数的时间。但是,如果您不给调度程序任何更改,通过调用sleep()或类似方法来挂起正在运行的代码,则两者之间没有区别。
下面是一个函数,它将测量作为参数传递的任何函数的执行时间:
#include <chrono>
#include <utility>
typedef std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point TimeVar;
#define duration(a) std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(a).count()
#define timeNow() std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now()
template<typename F, typename... Args>
double funcTime(F func, Args&&... args){
TimeVar t1=timeNow();
func(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
return duration(timeNow()-t1);
}
使用示例:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
typedef std::string String;
//first test function doing something
int countCharInString(String s, char delim){
int count=0;
String::size_type pos = s.find_first_of(delim);
while ((pos = s.find_first_of(delim, pos)) != String::npos){
count++;pos++;
}
return count;
}
//second test function doing the same thing in different way
int countWithAlgorithm(String s, char delim){
return std::count(s.begin(),s.end(),delim);
}
int main(){
std::cout<<"norm: "<<funcTime(countCharInString,"precision=10",'=')<<"\n";
std::cout<<"algo: "<<funcTime(countWithAlgorithm,"precision=10",'=');
return 0;
}
输出:
norm: 15555
algo: 2976
下面是一个优秀的仅头类模板,用于测量函数或任何代码块的运行时间:
#ifndef EXECUTION_TIMER_H
#define EXECUTION_TIMER_H
template<class Resolution = std::chrono::milliseconds>
class ExecutionTimer {
public:
using Clock = std::conditional_t<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::is_steady,
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock,
std::chrono::steady_clock>;
private:
const Clock::time_point mStart = Clock::now();
public:
ExecutionTimer() = default;
~ExecutionTimer() {
const auto end = Clock::now();
std::ostringstream strStream;
strStream << "Destructor Elapsed: "
<< std::chrono::duration_cast<Resolution>( end - mStart ).count()
<< std::endl;
std::cout << strStream.str() << std::endl;
}
inline void stop() {
const auto end = Clock::now();
std::ostringstream strStream;
strStream << "Stop Elapsed: "
<< std::chrono::duration_cast<Resolution>(end - mStart).count()
<< std::endl;
std::cout << strStream.str() << std::endl;
}
}; // ExecutionTimer
#endif // EXECUTION_TIMER_H
下面是它的一些用法:
int main() {
{ // empty scope to display ExecutionTimer's destructor's message
// displayed in milliseconds
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::milliseconds> timer;
// function or code block here
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::microseconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::nanoseconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
{ // same as above
ExecutionTimer<std::chrono::seconds> timer;
// code block here...
timer.stop();
}
return 0;
}
由于类是一个模板,我们可以很容易地指定real我们想要测量和显示的时间。这是一个非常方便的实用工具类模板,用于做基准标记,非常容易使用。