截至2017年7月，以下是常见的技术。注意，我们还可以在函数中执行类型检查。

function f(...rest){   // rest is an array
   console.log(rest.length);
   for (v of rest) if (typeof(v)=="number")console.log(v);
}
f(1,2,3);  // 3 1 2 3

JavaScript中没有真正的函数重载，因为它允许传递任意数量的任意类型的参数。你必须检查函数内部传递了多少参数以及它们的类型。

我们用over.js来解决这个问题是一种非常优雅的方式。你可以:

var obj = {

  /**
   * Says something in the console.
   *
   * say(msg) - Says something once.
   * say(msg, times) - Says something many times.
   */
  say: Over(
    function(msg$string){
      console.info(msg$string);
    },
    function(msg$string, times$number){
      for (var i = 0; i < times$number; i++) this.say(msg$string);
    }
  )

};

我不确定最佳实践，但我是这样做的:

/*
 * Object Constructor
 */
var foo = function(x) {
    this.x = x;
};

/*
 * Object Protoype
 */
foo.prototype = {
    /*
     * f is the name that is going to be used to call the various overloaded versions
     */
    f: function() {

        /*
         * Save 'this' in order to use it inside the overloaded functions
         * because there 'this' has a different meaning.
         */   
        var that = this;  

        /* 
         * Define three overloaded functions
         */
        var f1 = function(arg1) {
            console.log("f1 called with " + arg1);
            return arg1 + that.x;
        }

        var f2 = function(arg1, arg2) {
             console.log("f2 called with " + arg1 + " and " + arg2);
             return arg1 + arg2 + that.x;
        }

        var f3 = function(arg1) {
             console.log("f3 called with [" + arg1[0] + ", " + arg1[1] + "]");
             return arg1[0] + arg1[1];
        }

        /*
         * Use the arguments array-like object to decide which function to execute when calling f(...)
         */
        if (arguments.length === 1 && !Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f1(arguments[0]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
            return f2(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 1 && Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f3(arguments[0]);
        }
    } 
}

/* 
 * Instantiate an object
 */
var obj = new foo("z");

/*
 * Call the overloaded functions using f(...)
 */
console.log(obj.f("x"));         // executes f1, returns "xz"
console.log(obj.f("x", "y"));    // executes f2, returns "xyz"
console.log(obj.f(["x", "y"]));  // executes f3, returns "xy"

在JS中没有实际的重载，无论如何我们仍然可以用几种方式模拟方法重载:

方法# 1: 使用对象

function test(x,options){
  if("a" in options)doSomething();
  else if("b" in options)doSomethingElse();
}
test("ok",{a:1});
test("ok",{b:"string"});

方法# 2: 使用rest (spread)参数

function test(x,...p){
 if(p[2])console.log("3 params passed"); //or if(typeof p[2]=="string")
else if (p[1])console.log("2 params passed");
else console.log("1 param passed");
}

方法# 3: 使用未定义的

function test(x, y, z){
 if(typeof(z)=="undefined")doSomething();
}

方法# 4: 类型检查

function test(x){
 if(typeof(x)=="string")console.log("a string passed")
 else ...
}

#转发模式=> JS重载的最佳实践 转到另一个函数，它的名字是由第3和第4点构建的:

使用参数数量 检查参数类型

window['foo_'+arguments.length+'_'+Array.from(arguments).map((arg)=>typeof arg).join('_')](...arguments)

#应用于您的案例:

 function foo(...args){
          return window['foo_' + args.length+'_'+Array.from(args).map((arg)=>typeof arg).join('_')](...args);

  }
   //------Assuming that `x` , `y` and `z` are String when calling `foo` . 
  
  /**-- for :  foo(x)*/
  function foo_1_string(){
  }
  /**-- for : foo(x,y,z) ---*/
  function foo_3_string_string_string(){
      
  }

#其他复杂样本:

      function foo(...args){
          return window['foo_'+args.length+'_'+Array.from(args).map((arg)=>typeof arg).join('_')](...args);
       }

        /** one argument & this argument is string */
      function foo_1_string(){

      }
       //------------
       /** one argument & this argument is object */
      function foo_1_object(){

      }
      //----------
      /** two arguments & those arguments are both string */
      function foo_2_string_string(){

      }
       //--------
      /** Three arguments & those arguments are : id(number),name(string), callback(function) */
      function foo_3_number_string_function(){
                let args=arguments;
                  new Person(args[0],args[1]).onReady(args[3]);
      }
     
       //--- And so on ....