在很大程度上，这是某人将自己的弱点提升为普遍准则。使用new操作符创建对象本身没有任何问题。有一些争论是，你必须遵循一些规则:如果你创建了一个对象，你需要确保它会被销毁。

最简单的方法是在自动存储中创建对象，这样c++就知道在它超出作用域时销毁它:

 {
    File foo = File("foo.dat");

    // Do things

 }

现在，观察一下，当你在结束大括号之后离开那个块时，foo超出了作用域。c++会自动调用它的析构函数。与Java不同，您不需要等待垃圾回收来找到它。

你写过

 {
     File * foo = new File("foo.dat");

你需要显式地匹配它

     delete foo;
  }

或者更好的是，将你的File *分配为“智能指针”。如果你不小心，它可能会导致泄漏。

答案本身做了一个错误的假设，如果你不使用new，你就不会在堆上分配;事实上，在c++中你不知道这一点。最多，您知道少量的内存，比如一个指针，肯定分配在堆栈上。但是，考虑一下File的实现是否像这样:

  class File {
    private:
      FileImpl * fd;
    public:
      File(String fn){ fd = new FileImpl(fn);}

然后FileImpl仍然会被分配到堆栈上。

是的，你最好确保你有

     ~File(){ delete fd ; }

在课堂上也是如此;如果没有它，即使根本没有在堆上分配内存，也会从堆中泄漏内存。

两个原因:

在这种情况下没有必要。您正在使代码不必要地变得更加复杂。 它在堆上分配空间，这意味着您必须记住稍后删除它，否则将导致内存泄漏。

C++ doesn't employ any memory manager by its own. Other languages like C# and Java have a garbage collector to handle the memory C++ implementations typically use operating system routines to allocate the memory and too much new/delete could fragment the available memory With any application, if the memory is frequently being used it's advisable to preallocate it and release when not required. Improper memory management could lead memory leaks and it's really hard to track. So using stack objects within the scope of function is a proven technique The downside of using stack objects are, it creates multiple copies of objects on returning, passing to functions, etc. However, smart compilers are well aware of these situations and they've been optimized well for performance It's really tedious in C++ if the memory being allocated and released in two different places. The responsibility for release is always a question and mostly we rely on some commonly accessible pointers, stack objects (maximum possible) and techniques like auto_ptr (RAII objects) The best thing is that, you've control over the memory and the worst thing is that you will not have any control over the memory if we employ an improper memory management for the application. The crashes caused due to memory corruptions are the nastiest and hard to trace.

以上所有正确答案还有一点，这取决于你在做什么类型的编程。在Windows中开发内核，例如->堆栈受到严重限制，您可能无法像在用户模式中那样处理页面错误。

在这样的环境中，新的或类似c的API调用是首选的，甚至是必需的。

当然，这只是规则的一个例外。

我倾向于不同意使用new“too much”的观点。尽管最初的海报使用new with system classes有点可笑。(int *我;I = new int[9999];?真的吗?int [9999];这样就清楚多了。)我想这就是让评论者生气的地方。

When you're working with system objects, it's very rare that you'd need more than one reference to the exact same object. As long as the value is the same, that's all that matters. And system objects don't typically take up much space in memory. (one byte per character, in a string). And if they do, the libraries should be designed to take that memory management into account (if they're written well). In these cases, (all but one or two of the news in his code), new is practically pointless and only serves to introduce confusions and potential for bugs.

When you're working with your own classes/objects, however (e.g. the original poster's Line class), then you have to begin thinking about the issues like memory footprint, persistence of data, etc. yourself. At this point, allowing multiple references to the same value is invaluable - it allows for constructs like linked lists, dictionaries, and graphs, where multiple variables need to not only have the same value, but reference the exact same object in memory. However, the Line class doesn't have any of those requirements. So the original poster's code actually has absolutely no needs for new.

有两种广泛使用的内存分配技术:自动分配和动态分配。通常，每个对象都有相应的内存区域:堆栈和堆。

堆栈

堆栈总是按顺序分配内存。它可以这样做，因为它要求您以相反的顺序释放内存(先入，后出:FILO)。这是许多编程语言中局部变量的内存分配技术。它非常非常快，因为它需要最少的簿记，并且下一个要分配的地址是隐式的。

在c++中，这被称为自动存储，因为存储是在作用域结束时自动声明的。一旦当前代码块(使用{}分隔)的执行完成，该代码块中所有变量的内存将被自动收集。这也是调用析构函数来清理资源的时刻。

Heap

堆支持更灵活的内存分配模式。记账更复杂，分配更慢。因为没有隐式释放点，你必须手动释放内存，使用delete或delete[] (C中的free)。然而，没有隐式释放点是堆灵活性的关键。

使用动态分配的原因

即使使用堆速度较慢，并可能导致内存泄漏或内存碎片，动态分配也有很好的用例，因为它的限制较少。

使用动态分配的两个关键原因:

You don't know how much memory you need at compile time. For instance, when reading a text file into a string, you usually don't know what size the file has, so you can't decide how much memory to allocate until you run the program. You want to allocate memory which will persist after leaving the current block. For instance, you may want to write a function string readfile(string path) that returns the contents of a file. In this case, even if the stack could hold the entire file contents, you could not return from a function and keep the allocated memory block.

为什么动态分配往往是不必要的

在c++中，有一个简洁的构造叫做析构函数。这种机制允许您通过将资源的生命周期与变量的生命周期对齐来管理资源。这种技术被称为RAII，是c++的特点。它将资源“包装”到对象中。Std::string就是一个很好的例子。这个代码片段:

int main ( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    std::string program(argv[0]);
}

实际上分配的内存是可变的。string对象使用堆分配内存，并在析构函数中释放内存。在这种情况下，您不需要手动管理任何资源，仍然可以获得动态内存分配的好处。

特别地，它在这段代码中暗示:

int main ( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    std::string * program = new std::string(argv[0]);  // Bad!
    delete program;
}

存在不需要的动态内存分配。该程序需要更多的输入(!)，并引入了忘记释放内存的风险。这样做没有明显的好处。

为什么你应该尽可能多地使用自动存储

基本上，最后一段总结了一下。尽可能多地使用自动存储会使你的程序:

打字更快; 跑起来更快; 不容易发生内存/资源泄漏。

加分

在引用的问题中，还有其他的关注点。特别是下面的类:

class Line {
public:
    Line();
    ~Line();
    std::string* mString;
};

Line::Line() {
    mString = new std::string("foo_bar");
}

Line::~Line() {
    delete mString;
}

实际上比下面这个更有风险:

class Line {
public:
    Line();
    std::string mString;
};

Line::Line() {
    mString = "foo_bar";
    // note: there is a cleaner way to write this.
}

原因是std::string正确地定义了一个复制构造函数。考虑下面的程序:

int main ()
{
    Line l1;
    Line l2 = l1;
}

使用原始版本，这个程序可能会崩溃，因为它对同一个字符串使用了两次delete。使用修改后的版本，每个Line实例将拥有自己的字符串实例，每个实例都有自己的内存，并且都将在程序结束时释放。

其他的笔记

由于上述原因，RAII的广泛使用被认为是c++中的最佳实践。然而，还有一个不太明显的额外好处。基本上，它比各个部分的和要好。整个机构组成。这尺度。

如果你使用Line类作为构建块:

 class Table
 {
      Line borders[4];
 };

Then

 int main ()
 {
     Table table;
 }

分配四个std::string实例，四个Line实例，一个Table实例和所有字符串的内容，所有的东西都会自动释放。