我觉得我的商店有一个漏洞，因为我们没有一个可靠的过程来控制数据库模式更改的版本。我们做了很多备份，所以我们或多或少地得到了保护，但以这种方式依赖于最后一道防线是一种糟糕的做法。
令人惊讶的是，这似乎是一个共同的主线。与我交谈过的许多商店都忽略了这个问题，因为他们的数据库不会经常更改，他们基本上只是尽量做到一丝不苟。
不过，我知道这个故事是怎么发展的。这只是时间问题，迟早会出问题，会有东西丢失。
在这方面有什么最佳实践吗?你有哪些行之有效的策略?
当前回答
是的，当然。每当有更改时，我们生成PostgreSQL模式的转储并签入。它已经救了我们很多次，而我才上任几个月。
其他回答
The most successful scheme I've ever used on a project has combined backups and differential SQL files. Basically we would take a backup of our db after every release and do an SQL dump so that we could create a blank schema from scratch if we needed to as well. Then anytime you needed to make a change to the DB you would add an alter scrip to the sql directory under version control. We would always prefix a sequence number or date to the file name so the first change would be something like 01_add_created_on_column.sql, and the next script would be 02_added_customers_index. Our CI machine would check for these and run them sequentially on a fresh copy of the db that had been restored from the backup.
我们还准备了一些脚本，开发人员可以用一个命令将本地db重新初始化到当前版本。
必须阅读将数据库置于版本控制之下。查看K. Scott Allen的系列帖子。
When it comes to version control, the database is often a second or even third-class citizen. From what I've seen, teams that would never think of writing code without version control in a million years-- and rightly so-- can somehow be completely oblivious to the need for version control around the critical databases their applications rely on. I don't know how you can call yourself a software engineer and maintain a straight face when your database isn't under exactly the same rigorous level of source control as the rest of your code. Don't let this happen to you. Get your database under version control.
我通过编写脚本输出所有对象(表定义、索引、存储过程等)来源控制数据库模式。但是，至于数据本身，只需依赖定期备份。这确保了所有的结构更改都被正确的修订历史记录捕获，但不会在每次数据更改时给数据库带来负担。
I agree with many of the posting concerning ruby's ActiveRecord migrations - they are an elegant way to manage the database in small incremental files that everyone can share. With that said, I've recently implemented a project using VisualStudio's Database Project, and it's kinda made me a believer. Short story - you create a database project, import all (if any) existing database objects into it (tables/views/triggers/keys/users/etc). That import results in a "Create" script per object. To manage the database you alter the create script and then on deploy VS compares the target database to the state of the database residing in your project and apply the proper alter statements.
这真的有点神奇，我必须承认，这是VS团队做的更好的事情之一。到目前为止，我真的很感动。
当然，您可以在自己选择的版本控制系统中管理整个数据库项目。
我们对数据库周围的一切进行版本和源代码控制:
DDL(创建和更改) DML(参考数据、代码等) 数据模型更改(使用ERwin或ER/Studio) 数据库配置更改(权限、安全对象、常规配置更改)
我们使用Change Manager和一些自定义脚本来完成所有这些自动化作业。我们有变更管理器监视这些变更，并在变更完成时通知变更。
