我觉得我的商店有一个漏洞,因为我们没有一个可靠的过程来控制数据库模式更改的版本。我们做了很多备份,所以我们或多或少地得到了保护,但以这种方式依赖于最后一道防线是一种糟糕的做法。

令人惊讶的是,这似乎是一个共同的主线。与我交谈过的许多商店都忽略了这个问题,因为他们的数据库不会经常更改,他们基本上只是尽量做到一丝不苟。

不过,我知道这个故事是怎么发展的。这只是时间问题,迟早会出问题,会有东西丢失。

在这方面有什么最佳实践吗?你有哪些行之有效的策略?


当前回答

Here is a sample poor man's solution for a trigger implementing tracking of changes on db objects ( via DDL stateements ) on a sql server 2005 / 2008 database. I contains also a simple sample of how-to enforce the usage of required someValue xml tag in the source code for each sql command ran on the database + the tracking of the current db version and type ( dev , test , qa , fb , prod) One could extend it with additional required attributes such as , etc. The code is rather long - it creates the empty database + the needed tracking table structure + required db functions and the populating trigger all running under a [ga] schema.

USE [master]
GO

/****** Object:  Database [DBGA_DEV]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:22:01 ******/
CREATE DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] ON  PRIMARY 
( NAME = N'DBGA_DEV', FILENAME = N'D:\GENAPP\DATA\DBFILES\DBGA_DEV.mdf' , SIZE = 3072KB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 1024KB )
 LOG ON 
( NAME = N'DBGA_DEV_log', FILENAME = N'D:\GENAPP\DATA\DBFILES\DBGA_DEV_log.ldf' , SIZE = 6208KB , MAXSIZE = 2048GB , FILEGROWTH = 10%)
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 100
GO

IF (1 = FULLTEXTSERVICEPROPERTY('IsFullTextInstalled'))
begin
EXEC [DBGA_DEV].[dbo].[sp_fulltext_database] @action = 'enable'
end
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET ANSI_NULLS OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET ANSI_PADDING ON 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET ANSI_WARNINGS OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET ARITHABORT OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS ON 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET AUTO_SHRINK OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS ON 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET CURSOR_DEFAULT  GLOBAL 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET  DISABLE_BROKER 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS_ASYNC OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET DATE_CORRELATION_OPTIMIZATION OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET PARAMETERIZATION SIMPLE 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET HONOR_BROKER_PRIORITY OFF 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET  READ_WRITE 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET RECOVERY FULL 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET  MULTI_USER 
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET PAGE_VERIFY CHECKSUM  
GO

ALTER DATABASE [DBGA_DEV] SET DB_CHAINING OFF 
GO

EXEC [DBGA_DEV].sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'DbType', @value=N'DEV' 
GO

EXEC [DBGA_DEV].sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'DbVersion', @value=N'0.0.1.20090414.1100' 
GO



USE [DBGA_DEV]
GO
/****** Object:  Schema [ga]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:29 ******/
CREATE SCHEMA [ga] AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Contains the objects of the Generic Application database' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga'
GO
/****** Object:  Table [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:40 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog](
    [LogId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [TimeStamp] [timestamp] NOT NULL,
    [DatabaseName] [varchar](256) NOT NULL,
    [SchemaName] [varchar](256) NOT NULL,
    [DbVersion] [varchar](20) NOT NULL,
    [DbType] [varchar](20) NOT NULL,
    [EventType] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [ObjectName] [varchar](256) NOT NULL,
    [ObjectType] [varchar](25) NOT NULL,
    [Version] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [SqlCommand] [varchar](max) NOT NULL,
    [EventDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [LoginName] [varchar](256) NOT NULL,
    [FirstName] [varchar](256) NULL,
    [LastName] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [ChangeDescription] [varchar](1000) NULL,
    [Description] [varchar](1000) NULL,
    [ObjVersion] [varchar](20) NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The database version as written in the extended prop of the database' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DbVersion'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'dev , test , qa , fb or prod' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DbType'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The name of the object as it is registered in the sys.objects ' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ObjectName'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Description'
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ON
INSERT [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ([LogId], [DatabaseName], [SchemaName], [DbVersion], [DbType], [EventType], [ObjectName], [ObjectType], [Version], [SqlCommand], [EventDate], [LoginName], [FirstName], [LastName], [ChangeDescription], [Description], [ObjVersion]) VALUES (3, N'DBGA_DEV', N'en', N'0.0.1.20090414.1100', N'DEV', N'DROP_TABLE', N'tb_BL_Products', N'TABLE', N' some', N'<EVENT_INSTANCE><EventType>DROP_TABLE</EventType><PostTime>2009-04-22T11:03:11.880</PostTime><SPID>57</SPID><ServerName>YSG</ServerName><LoginName>ysg\yordgeor</LoginName><UserName>dbo</UserName><DatabaseName>DBGA_DEV</DatabaseName><SchemaName>en</SchemaName><ObjectName>tb_BL_Products</ObjectName><ObjectType>TABLE</ObjectType><TSQLCommand><SetOptions ANSI_NULLS="ON" ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT="ON" ANSI_PADDING="ON" QUOTED_IDENTIFIER="ON" ENCRYPTED="FALSE"/><CommandText>drop TABLE [en].[tb_BL_Products] --<Version> some</Version>&#x0D;
</CommandText></TSQLCommand></EVENT_INSTANCE>', CAST(0x00009BF300B6271C AS DateTime), N'ysg\yordgeor', N'Yordan', N'Georgiev', NULL, NULL, N'0.0.0')
INSERT [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ([LogId], [DatabaseName], [SchemaName], [DbVersion], [DbType], [EventType], [ObjectName], [ObjectType], [Version], [SqlCommand], [EventDate], [LoginName], [FirstName], [LastName], [ChangeDescription], [Description], [ObjVersion]) VALUES (4, N'DBGA_DEV', N'en', N'0.0.1.20090414.1100', N'DEV', N'CREATE_TABLE', N'tb_BL_Products', N'TABLE', N' 2.2.2 ', N'<EVENT_INSTANCE><EventType>CREATE_TABLE</EventType><PostTime>2009-04-22T11:03:18.620</PostTime><SPID>57</SPID><ServerName>YSG</ServerName><LoginName>ysg\yordgeor</LoginName><UserName>dbo</UserName><DatabaseName>DBGA_DEV</DatabaseName><SchemaName>en</SchemaName><ObjectName>tb_BL_Products</ObjectName><ObjectType>TABLE</ObjectType><TSQLCommand><SetOptions ANSI_NULLS="ON" ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT="ON" ANSI_PADDING="ON" QUOTED_IDENTIFIER="ON" ENCRYPTED="FALSE"/><CommandText>CREATE TABLE [en].[tb_BL_Products](&#x0D;
    [ProducId] [int] NULL,&#x0D;
    [ProductName] [nchar](10) NULL,&#x0D;
    [ProductDescription] [varchar](5000) NULL&#x0D;
) ON [PRIMARY]&#x0D;
/*&#x0D;
<Version> 2.2.2 </Version>&#x0D;
&#x0D;
*/&#x0D;
</CommandText></TSQLCommand></EVENT_INSTANCE>', CAST(0x00009BF300B62F07 AS DateTime), N'ysg\yordgeor', N'Yordan', N'Georgiev', NULL, NULL, N'0.0.0')
INSERT [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ([LogId], [DatabaseName], [SchemaName], [DbVersion], [DbType], [EventType], [ObjectName], [ObjectType], [Version], [SqlCommand], [EventDate], [LoginName], [FirstName], [LastName], [ChangeDescription], [Description], [ObjVersion]) VALUES (5, N'DBGA_DEV', N'en', N'0.0.1.20090414.1100', N'DEV', N'DROP_TABLE', N'tb_BL_Products', N'TABLE', N' 2.2.2 ', N'<EVENT_INSTANCE><EventType>DROP_TABLE</EventType><PostTime>2009-04-22T11:25:12.620</PostTime><SPID>57</SPID><ServerName>YSG</ServerName><LoginName>ysg\yordgeor</LoginName><UserName>dbo</UserName><DatabaseName>DBGA_DEV</DatabaseName><SchemaName>en</SchemaName><ObjectName>tb_BL_Products</ObjectName><ObjectType>TABLE</ObjectType><TSQLCommand><SetOptions ANSI_NULLS="ON" ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT="ON" ANSI_PADDING="ON" QUOTED_IDENTIFIER="ON" ENCRYPTED="FALSE"/><CommandText>drop TABLE [en].[tb_BL_Products] &#x0D;
</CommandText></TSQLCommand></EVENT_INSTANCE>', CAST(0x00009BF300BC32F1 AS DateTime), N'ysg\yordgeor', N'Yordan', N'Georgiev', NULL, NULL, N'0.0.0')
INSERT [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ([LogId], [DatabaseName], [SchemaName], [DbVersion], [DbType], [EventType], [ObjectName], [ObjectType], [Version], [SqlCommand], [EventDate], [LoginName], [FirstName], [LastName], [ChangeDescription], [Description], [ObjVersion]) VALUES (6, N'DBGA_DEV', N'en', N'0.0.1.20090414.1100', N'DEV', N'CREATE_TABLE', N'tb_BL_Products', N'TABLE', N' 2.2.2 ', N'<EVENT_INSTANCE><EventType>CREATE_TABLE</EventType><PostTime>2009-04-22T11:25:19.053</PostTime><SPID>57</SPID><ServerName>YSG</ServerName><LoginName>ysg\yordgeor</LoginName><UserName>dbo</UserName><DatabaseName>DBGA_DEV</DatabaseName><SchemaName>en</SchemaName><ObjectName>tb_BL_Products</ObjectName><ObjectType>TABLE</ObjectType><TSQLCommand><SetOptions ANSI_NULLS="ON" ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT="ON" ANSI_PADDING="ON" QUOTED_IDENTIFIER="ON" ENCRYPTED="FALSE"/><CommandText>CREATE TABLE [en].[tb_BL_Products](&#x0D;
    [ProducId] [int] NULL,&#x0D;
    [ProductName] [nchar](10) NULL,&#x0D;
    [ProductDescription] [varchar](5000) NULL&#x0D;
) ON [PRIMARY]&#x0D;
/*&#x0D;
<Version> 2.2.2 </Version>&#x0D;
&#x0D;
*/&#x0D;
</CommandText></TSQLCommand></EVENT_INSTANCE>', CAST(0x00009BF300BC3A69 AS DateTime), N'ysg\yordgeor', N'Yordan', N'Georgiev', NULL, NULL, N'0.0.0')
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] OFF
/****** Object:  Table [ga].[tb_BLSec_LoginsForUsers]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:40 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [ga].[tb_BLSec_LoginsForUsers](
    [LoginsForUsersId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [LoginName] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL,
    [FirstName] [varchar](100) NOT NULL,
    [SecondName] [varchar](100) NULL,
    [LastName] [varchar](100) NOT NULL,
    [DomainName] [varchar](100) NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [ga].[tb_BLSec_LoginsForUsers] ON
INSERT [ga].[tb_BLSec_LoginsForUsers] ([LoginsForUsersId], [LoginName], [FirstName], [SecondName], [LastName], [DomainName]) VALUES (1, N'ysg\yordgeor', N'Yordan', N'Stanchev', N'Georgiev', N'yordgeor')
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [ga].[tb_BLSec_LoginsForUsers] OFF
/****** Object:  Table [en].[tb_BL_Products]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:40 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [en].[tb_BL_Products](
    [ProducId] [int] NULL,
    [ProductName] [nchar](10) NULL,
    [ProductDescription] [varchar](5000) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [ga].[procUtils_SqlCheatSheet]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:37 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE [ga].[procUtils_SqlCheatSheet]                

as                 
set nocount on                 

--what was the name of the table with something like role                
/*                
SELECT * from sys.tables where [name] like '%POC%'                
*/                
-- what are the columns of this table                 
/*                
select column_name , DATA_TYPE , CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,  table_name  from Information_schema.columns where table_name='tbGui_ExecutePOC'                
*/                

-- find proc        
--what was the name of procedure with something like role                
/*                
select * from sys.procedures where [name] like '%ext%'                
exec sp_HelpText procName        
*/                
/*                
exec sp_helpText procUtils_InsertGenerator                
*/                
--how to list all databases in sql server                 
/*                
SELECT database_id AS ID, NULL AS ParentID, name AS Text FROM sys.databases ORDER BY [name]                
*/                

--HOW-TO LIST ALL TABLES IN A SQL SERVER 2005 DATABASE                
/*                
SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM [POC].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES                
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'                  
AND TABLE_NAME <> 'dtproperties'                  
ORDER BY TABLE_NAME                


*/                
--HOW-TO ENABLE XP_CMDSHELL START                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------                
-- configure verbose mode temporarily                 
-- EXECUTE sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1                 
-- RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE                 
--GO                 


--ENABLE xp_cmdshell                 
-- EXECUTE sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '1'                 
-- RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE                 
-- EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'show advanced option', '1';                 
-- SHOW THE CONFIGURATION                 
-- EXEC SP_CONFIGURE;                 


--turn show advance options off                 
-- GO                 
--EXECUTE sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0                 
-- RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE                 
-- GO                

--HOW-TO ENABLE XP_CMDSHELL END                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------                

--HOW-TO IMPLEMENT SLEEP                 
-- sleep for 10 seconds                 
-- WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10' SELECT * FROM My_Table                

/* LIST ALL PRIMARY KEYS                 

SELECT                 
  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.TABLE_NAME AS TABLE_NAME,                
  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE.COLUMN_NAME AS COLUMN_NAME,                 
  REPLACE(INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.CONSTRAINT_TYPE,' ', '_') AS CONSTRAINT_TYPE                 
FROM                 
  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS                 
  INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE ON                 
  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.CONSTRAINT_NAME =                 
  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE.CONSTRAINT_NAME                 
WHERE                 
  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.TABLE_NAME <> N'sysdiagrams'                 
ORDER BY                 
  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.TABLE_NAME ASC                

*/                

--HOW-TO COPY TABLE AND THE WHOLE TABLE DATA , COPY TABLE FROM DB TO DB                
--==================================================START                 
/*                
use Poc_Dev                
go                
drop table tbGui_LinksVisibility                

use POc_test                
go                
select *                 
INTO [POC_Dev].[ga].[tbGui_LinksVisibility]                
from [POC_TEST].[ga].[tbGui_LinksVisibility]                


*/                
--HOW-TO COPY TABLE AND THE WHOLE TABLE DATA , COPY TABLE FROM DB TO DB                
--====================================================END                
--=================================================== SEE TABLE METADATA START                
/*                



SELECT c.name AS [COLUMN_NAME], sc.data_type AS [DATA_TYPE], [value] AS                 
[DESCRIPTION] , c.max_length as [MAX_LENGTH] , c.is_nullable AS [OPTIONAL]                 
, c.is_identity AS [IS_PRIMARY_KEY] FROM sys.extended_properties AS ep                 
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t ON ep.major_id = t.object_id                 
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS c ON ep.major_id = c.object_id AND ep.minor_id                 
= c.column_id                 
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS sc ON t.name = sc.table_name and                 
c.name = sc.column_name                 
WHERE class = 1 and t.name = 'tbGui_ExecutePOC' ORDER BY SC.DATA_TYPE                


*/                
--=================================================== SEE TABLE METADATA END               
    /*            
select * from Information_schema.columns                
select table_name , column_name from Information_schema.columns where table_name='tbGui_Wizards'                
    */            


--=================================================== LIST ALL TABLES AND THEIR DESCRIPTOINS START                
/*                

SELECT T.name AS TableName, CAST(Props.value AS varchar(1000)) AS                
TableDescription                
FROM sys.tables AS T LEFT OUTER JOIN                
(SELECT class, class_desc, major_id, minor_id,                
name, value                
FROM sys.extended_properties                
WHERE (minor_id = 0) AND (class = 1)) AS                
Props ON T.object_id = Props.major_id                
WHERE (T.type = 'U') AND (T.name <> N'sysdiagrams')                
ORDER BY TableName                
*/                
--=================================================== LIST ALL TABLES AND THEIR DESCRIPTOINS START                

--=================================================== LIST ALL OBJECTS FROM DB START                
/*                


use DB                
--HOW-TO LIST ALL PROCEDURE IN A DATABASE                
select s.name from sysobjects s where type = 'P'                
--HOW-TO LIST ALL TRIGGERS BY NAME IN A DATABASE                
select s.name from sysobjects s where type = 'TR'                
--HOW-TO LIST TABLES IN A DATABASE                 
select s.name from sysobjects s where type = 'U'                
--how-to list all system tables in a database                
select s.name from sysobjects s where type = 's'                
--how-to list all the views in a database                
select s.name from sysobjects s where type = 'v'                


*/                

/*                
Similarly you can find out other objects created by user, simple change type =                 

C = CHECK constraint                 

D = Default or DEFAULT constraint                 

F = FOREIGN KEY constraint                 

L = Log                 

FN = Scalar function                 

IF = In-lined table-function                 

P = Stored procedure                 

PK = PRIMARY KEY constraint (type is K)                 

RF = Replication filter stored procedure                

S = System table                 

TF = Table function                 

TR = Trigger                 

U = User table ( this is the one I discussed above in the example)                

UQ = UNIQUE constraint (type is K)                 

V = View                 

X = Extended stored procedure                
*/                



--=================================================== HOW-TO SEE ALL MY PERMISSIONS START                


/*                

SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');                
USE poc_qa;                
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions (NULL, 'database');                
GO                

*/                
--=================================================== HOW-TO SEE ALL MY PERMISSIONS END                

/*               
--find table               

use poc_dev               
go               
select s.name from sysobjects s where type = 'u'  and s.name like '%Visibility%'              
select * from tbGui_LinksVisibility              

*/              

/* find cursor              

use poc      
go        
DECLARE @procName varchar(100)        
DECLARE @cursorProcNames CURSOR        
SET @cursorProcNames = CURSOR FOR        
select name from sys.procedures where modify_date > '2009-02-05 13:12:15.273' order by modify_date desc       

OPEN @cursorProcNames        
FETCH NEXT        
FROM @cursorProcNames INTO @procName        
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0        
BEGIN        

set nocount off;        
exec sp_HelpText @procName --- or print them        
-- print @procName        

FETCH NEXT        
FROM @cursorProcNames INTO @procName        
END        
CLOSE @cursorProcNames        

select @@error    

*/              


/* --  SEE STORED PROCEDURE EXT PROPS            

SELECT ep.name as 'EXT_PROP_NAME' , SP.NAME , [value] as 'DESCRIPTION' FROM sys.extended_properties as ep left join sys.procedures as sp on sp.object_id = ep.major_id where sp.type='P'            


-- what the hell I ve been doing lately on sql server 2005 / 2008
select o.name , 
(SELECT [definition] AS [text()] FROM sys.all_sql_modules where sys.all_sql_modules.object_id=a.object_id FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE) AS Statement_Text
, a.object_id, o.modify_date from sys.all_sql_modules a left join sys.objects o on a.object_id=o.object_id order by 4 desc



-- GET THE RIGHT LANG SCHEMA START 
DECLARE @template AS varchar(max)
SET @template = 'SELECT * FROM {object_name}'

DECLARE @object_name AS sysname

SELECT @object_name = QUOTENAME(s.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(o.name)
FROM sys.objects o
INNER JOIN sys.schemas s
    ON s.schema_id = o.schema_id
WHERE o.object_id = OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(@LANG) + '.[TestingLanguagesInNameSpacesDelMe]')

IF @object_name IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
    DECLARE @sql AS varchar(max)
    SET @sql = REPLACE(@template, '{object_name}', @object_name)
    EXEC (@sql)
END
-- GET THE RIGHT LANG SCHEMA END 

--  SEE STORED PROCEDURE EXT PROPS end*/             
set nocount off
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'AuthorName', @value=N'Yordan Georgiev' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'PROCEDURE',@level1name=N'procUtils_SqlCheatSheet'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'ProcDescription', @value=N'TODO:ADD HERE DESCRPIPTION' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'PROCEDURE',@level1name=N'procUtils_SqlCheatSheet'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'ProcVersion', @value=N'0.1.0.20090406.1317' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'PROCEDURE',@level1name=N'procUtils_SqlCheatSheet'
GO
/****** Object:  UserDefinedFunction [ga].[GetDbVersion]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:42 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [ga].[GetDbVersion]()
RETURNS VARCHAR(20)
    BEGIN
        RETURN convert(varchar(20) , (select value from sys.extended_properties where name='DbVersion' and class_desc='DATABASE') )
    END
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'AuthorName', @value=N'Yordan Georgiev' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'FUNCTION',@level1name=N'GetDbVersion'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'ChangeDescription', @value=N'Initial creation' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'FUNCTION',@level1name=N'GetDbVersion'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'CreatedWhen', @value=N'getDate()' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'FUNCTION',@level1name=N'GetDbVersion'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'Description', @value=N'Gets the current version of the database ' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'ga', @level1type=N'FUNCTION',@level1name=N'GetDbVersion'
GO
/****** Object:  UserDefinedFunction [ga].[GetDbType]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:42 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [ga].[GetDbType]()
RETURNS VARCHAR(30)
    BEGIN
        RETURN convert(varchar(30) , (select value from sys.extended_properties where name='DbType' and class_desc='DATABASE') )
    END
GO
/****** Object:  Default [DF_tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog_DbVersion]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:40 ******/
ALTER TABLE [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog_DbVersion]  DEFAULT ('select ga.GetDbVersion()') FOR [DbVersion]
GO
/****** Object:  Default [DF_tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog_EventDate]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:40 ******/
ALTER TABLE [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog_EventDate]  DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [EventDate]
GO
/****** Object:  Default [DF_tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog_ObjVersion]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:40 ******/
ALTER TABLE [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog_ObjVersion]  DEFAULT ('0.0.0') FOR [ObjVersion]
GO
/****** Object:  DdlTrigger [trigMetaDoc_TraceDbChanges]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:29 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
create trigger [trigMetaDoc_TraceDbChanges]
on database
for create_procedure, alter_procedure, drop_procedure,
create_table, alter_table, drop_table,
create_function, alter_function, drop_function , 
create_trigger , alter_trigger , drop_trigger 
as

set nocount on

declare @data xml
set @data = EVENTDATA()
declare @DbVersion varchar(20)
set @DbVersion =(select ga.GetDbVersion())
declare @DbType varchar(20)
set @DbType =(select ga.GetDbType())
declare @DbName varchar(256)
set @DbName =@data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/DatabaseName)[1]', 'varchar(256)')
declare @EventType varchar(256)
set @EventType =@data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]', 'varchar(50)')
declare @ObjectName varchar(256)
set @ObjectName  = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)[1]', 'varchar(256)')
declare @ObjectType varchar(25)
set @ObjectType = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectType)[1]', 'varchar(25)')
declare @TSQLCommand varchar(max)
set @TSQLCommand = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand)[1]', 'varchar(max)')
declare @opentag varchar(4)
set @opentag= '&lt;'
declare @closetag varchar(4) 
set @closetag= '&gt;'
declare @newDataTxt varchar(max) 
set @newDataTxt= cast(@data as varchar(max))
set @newDataTxt = REPLACE ( REPLACE(@newDataTxt , @opentag , '<') , @closetag , '>')
-- print @newDataTxt
declare @newDataXml xml 
set @newDataXml = CONVERT ( xml , @newDataTxt)
declare @Version varchar(50)
set @Version = @newDataXml.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand/CommandText/Version)[1]', 'varchar(50)')

-- if we are dropping take the version from the existing object 
if  ( SUBSTRING(@EventType , 0 , 5)) = 'DROP'
set @Version =( select top 1 [Version]  from ga.tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog where ObjectName=@ObjectName order by [LogId] desc)



declare @LoginName varchar(256) 
set @LoginName = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/LoginName)[1]', 'varchar(256)')
declare @FirstName varchar(50)
set @FirstName= (select [FirstName] from [ga].[tb_BLSec_LoginsForUsers] where [LoginName] = @LoginName)
declare @LastName varchar(50)
set @LastName  = (select [LastName] from [ga].[tb_BLSec_LoginsForUsers] where [LoginName] = @LoginName)
declare @SchemaName sysname 
set @SchemaName = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/SchemaName)[1]', 'sysname');
--declare @Description xml 
--set @Description = @data.query('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand/text())')




--print 'VERSION IS ' + @Version
--print @newDataTxt
--print cast(@data as varchar(max))


-- select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name ='tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog'
insert into [ga].[tb_DataMeta_ObjChangeLog]
(
[DatabaseName] ,
[SchemaName],
[DbVersion] ,
[DbType],
[EventType],
[ObjectName],
[ObjectType] ,
[Version],
[SqlCommand] ,
[LoginName] ,
[FirstName],
[LastName] 
)

values(

@DbName,
@SchemaName,
@DbVersion,
@DbType,
@EventType, 
@ObjectName, 
@ObjectType , 
@Version,
@newDataTxt, 
@LoginName , 
@FirstName , 
@LastName
)
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO
DISABLE TRIGGER [trigMetaDoc_TraceDbChanges] ON DATABASE
GO
/****** Object:  DdlTrigger [trigMetaDoc_TraceDbChanges]    Script Date: 04/22/2009 13:21:29 ******/
Enable Trigger [trigMetaDoc_TraceDbChanges] ON Database
GO

其他回答

我使用SQL CREATE脚本从MySQL workbench导出,然后使用他们的“导出SQL ALTER”功能,我最终得到了一系列创建脚本(当然编号)和ALTER脚本,可以应用它们之间的更改。

3.- Export SQL ALTER script Normally you would have to write the ALTER TABLE statements by hand now, reflecting your changes you made to the model. But you can be smart and let Workbench do the hard work for you. Simply select File -> Export -> Forward Engineer SQL ALTER Script… from the main menu. This will prompt you to specify the SQL CREATE file the current model should be compared to. Select the SQL CREATE script from step 1. The tool will then generate the ALTER TABLE script for you and you can execute this script against your database to bring it up to date. You can do this using the MySQL Query Browser or the mysql client.Voila! Your model and database have now been synchronized!

来源:MySQL Workbench Community Edition: Schema同步指南

当然,所有这些脚本都在版本控制下。

数据库本身?没有

创建它们的脚本,包括静态数据插入、存储过程等;当然可以。它们是文本文件,它们包含在项目中,像其他东西一样签入和签出。

当然,在理想情况下,您的数据库管理工具可以做到这一点;但你必须遵守纪律。

作为一种规则,我们将所有的对象代码(存储过程、视图、触发器、函数等)都保存在源代码控制中,因为这些对象都是代码,而且几乎所有其他答案都同意,代码属于某种形式的版本控制系统。

As for CREATE, DROP, ALTER statements, etc. (DDL), we developed and use BuildMaster to manage the deployment of these scripts such that they can be run once and only once against a target database (whether they fail or not). The general idea is that developers will upload change scripts into the system and when it comes time for deployment, only the change scripts that haven't been run against the target environment's database will be run (this is managed very similarly to Autocracy's answer). The reason for this separation of script types lies in that once you manipulate a table's structure, add an index, etc., you effectively cannot undo that without writing a brand new script, or restoring the database - as opposed to the object code where you can simply drop a view or stored procedure then recreate it.

例如,当您将生产数据库恢复到集成环境中时,可以看到一些好处,系统会自动准确地知道哪些脚本没有运行,并将更改新恢复的数据库的表结构,使其与开发相关。

是的,总是这样。您应该能够在需要时使用一组有用的示例数据重新创建生产数据库结构。如果你不这样做,随着时间的推移,保持运行的小改变会被遗忘,然后有一天你会被咬,严重的。这是一种保险,你可能认为你不需要,但当你这样做的那一天,它的价格是它的10倍!

要求开发团队使用SQL数据库源代码控制管理系统并不是防止问题发生的灵丹妙药。就其本身而言,数据库源代码控制引入了额外的开销,因为开发人员需要将他们对对象所做的更改保存在单独的SQL脚本中,打开源代码控制系统客户端,使用客户端签入SQL脚本文件,然后将更改应用到活动数据库。

我可以建议使用SSMS插件ApexSQL源代码控制。它允许开发人员通过向导直接从SSMS轻松地将数据库对象映射到源代码控制系统。该插件支持TFS、Git、Subversion和其他SC系统。它还包括对源控制静态数据的支持。

下载并安装ApexSQL源代码控制后,只需右键单击要进行版本控制的数据库,然后导航到SSMS中的ApexSQL源代码控制子菜单。单击Link database to source control选项,选择源代码控制系统和开发模型。之后,您需要为所选择的源代码控制系统提供登录信息和存储库字符串。

你可以阅读这篇文章了解更多信息:http://solutioncenter.apexsql.com/sql-source-control-reduce-database-development-time/