这对我来说也一直是一个很大的烦恼——似乎对开发数据库进行快速更改，保存它(忘记保存更改脚本)太容易了，然后你就卡在那里了。您可以撤消刚才所做的并重新做它以创建更改脚本，当然，如果您愿意的话，也可以从头开始编写它，尽管这将花费大量的时间来编写脚本。

A tool that I have used in the past that has helped with this some is SQL Delta. It will show you the differences between two databases (SQL server/Oracle I believe) and generate all the change scripts necessary to migrate A->B. Another nice thing it does is show all the differences between database content between the production (or test) DB and your development DB. Since more and more apps store configuration and state that is crucial to their execution in database tables, it can be a real pain to have change scripts that remove, add, and alter the proper rows. SQL Delta shows the rows in the database just like they would look in a Diff tool - changed, added, deleted.

一个很好的工具。以下是链接: http://www.sqldelta.com/

I've heard people say you absolutely have to keep your schemas in the database. I'm not sure I agree. This really depends on the system you're working with. If your system is relatively small and the data is not terribly important. And the the speed at which you need to bring another development environment online is crucial.. then yes.. you can benefit from it. However when your schema is useless without the data and the database is extremely large, it becomes virtually impossible to "source control" your database. Sure, you can still keep your DDL code in source control but that's essentially useless. You can't get the data needed without backup/restore.

在大型数据库开发工作中，我发现备份和恢复是首选的回滚选项。当然，你可以在源代码控制中保留过程、视图、函数等，但要保留表。SQL不是必需的。此外，如果您的部署过程是无懈可击的，那么您很可能永远不需要“回滚”您的生产环境。

数据库本身?没有

创建它们的脚本，包括静态数据插入、存储过程等;当然可以。它们是文本文件，它们包含在项目中，像其他东西一样签入和签出。

当然，在理想情况下，您的数据库管理工具可以做到这一点;但你必须遵守纪律。

我有一切必要的重新创建我的数据库从裸露的金属，减去数据本身。我相信有很多方法可以做到这一点，但我所有的脚本等都存储在subversion中，我们可以通过将所有这些从subversion中取出并运行安装程序来重建DB结构等。

哇，这么多答案。对于可靠的数据库版本控制，您需要对更改数据库的代码进行版本控制。一些CMS提供配置管理工具，比如Drupal 8中的配置管理工具。以下是一个实用步骤的概述，可以安排您的工作流并确保数据库配置是版本化的，即使是在团队环境中:

Kira的主要用例之一是通过显式地将数据库外部的模式指定为代码来进行数据库升级。然后，它可以管理数据库，并将其从任何版本升级到任何版本。