Sadly, I've seen more than one team developing PL/SQL programs (stored procedures in Oracle) - sometimes ten thousands LOC - just by editing the code in TOAD (a database tool), without even saving the source to files (except for deployment). Even if the database is backuped regulary (wouldn't take that for granted, though), the only way to retrieve an old version of a stored procedure is to restore the whole database, which is many GB large. And of course sometimes concurrent changes in one file lead to loss of work, when more than one developer works on the same project.

必须阅读将数据库置于版本控制之下。查看K. Scott Allen的系列帖子。

When it comes to version control, the database is often a second or even third-class citizen. From what I've seen, teams that would never think of writing code without version control in a million years-- and rightly so-- can somehow be completely oblivious to the need for version control around the critical databases their applications rely on. I don't know how you can call yourself a software engineer and maintain a straight face when your database isn't under exactly the same rigorous level of source control as the rest of your code. Don't let this happen to you. Get your database under version control.

我们对数据库周围的一切进行版本和源代码控制:

DDL(创建和更改) DML(参考数据、代码等) 数据模型更改(使用ERwin或ER/Studio) 数据库配置更改(权限、安全对象、常规配置更改)

我们使用Change Manager和一些自定义脚本来完成所有这些自动化作业。我们有变更管理器监视这些变更，并在变更完成时通知变更。

是的，我们通过保留SQL作为构建的一部分来做到这一点——我们保留DROP。sql,创造。sql,用户。sql,值。SQL和版本控制，所以我们可以恢复到任何带标签的版本。

我们还有ant任务，可以在需要时重新创建db。

此外，SQL还被标记为与之配套的源代码。

我非常喜欢Rails ActiveRecord迁移。它将DML抽象为ruby脚本，然后可以在源存储库中轻松地进行版本化。

然而，通过一些工作，您可以做到同样的事情。任何DDL更改(ALTER TABLE等)都可以存储在文本文件中。为文件名保留编号系统(或日期戳)，并按顺序应用它们。

Rails在DB中还有一个'version'表，用于跟踪上一次应用的迁移。你可以很容易地做到这一点。

我所见过的最佳实践是创建一个构建脚本，在登台服务器上废弃并重新构建数据库。每次迭代都有一个用于数据库更改的文件夹，所有更改都用“Drop…创建“”。这样，您可以通过将构建指向您想要版本的文件夹，随时回滚到较早的版本。

我相信这是用NaNt/CruiseControl完成的。