Sadly, I've seen more than one team developing PL/SQL programs (stored procedures in Oracle) - sometimes ten thousands LOC - just by editing the code in TOAD (a database tool), without even saving the source to files (except for deployment). Even if the database is backuped regulary (wouldn't take that for granted, though), the only way to retrieve an old version of a stored procedure is to restore the whole database, which is many GB large. And of course sometimes concurrent changes in one file lead to loss of work, when more than one developer works on the same project.

要求开发团队使用SQL数据库源代码控制管理系统并不是防止问题发生的灵丹妙药。就其本身而言，数据库源代码控制引入了额外的开销，因为开发人员需要将他们对对象所做的更改保存在单独的SQL脚本中，打开源代码控制系统客户端，使用客户端签入SQL脚本文件，然后将更改应用到活动数据库。

我可以建议使用SSMS插件ApexSQL源代码控制。它允许开发人员通过向导直接从SSMS轻松地将数据库对象映射到源代码控制系统。该插件支持TFS、Git、Subversion和其他SC系统。它还包括对源控制静态数据的支持。

下载并安装ApexSQL源代码控制后，只需右键单击要进行版本控制的数据库，然后导航到SSMS中的ApexSQL源代码控制子菜单。单击Link database to source control选项，选择源代码控制系统和开发模型。之后，您需要为所选择的源代码控制系统提供登录信息和存储库字符串。

你可以阅读这篇文章了解更多信息:http://solutioncenter.apexsql.com/sql-source-control-reduce-database-development-time/

My team versions our database schema as C# classes with the rest of our code. We have a homegrown C# program (<500 lines of code) that reflects the classes and creates SQL commands to build, drop and update the database. After creating the database we run sqlmetal to generate a linq mapping, which is then compiled in another project that is used to generate test data. The whole things works really well because data access is checked at compile time. We like it because the schema is stored in a .cs file which is easy to track compare in trac/svn.

I've heard people say you absolutely have to keep your schemas in the database. I'm not sure I agree. This really depends on the system you're working with. If your system is relatively small and the data is not terribly important. And the the speed at which you need to bring another development environment online is crucial.. then yes.. you can benefit from it. However when your schema is useless without the data and the database is extremely large, it becomes virtually impossible to "source control" your database. Sure, you can still keep your DDL code in source control but that's essentially useless. You can't get the data needed without backup/restore.

在大型数据库开发工作中，我发现备份和恢复是首选的回滚选项。当然，你可以在源代码控制中保留过程、视图、函数等，但要保留表。SQL不是必需的。此外，如果您的部署过程是无懈可击的，那么您很可能永远不需要“回滚”您的生产环境。

哇，这么多答案。对于可靠的数据库版本控制，您需要对更改数据库的代码进行版本控制。一些CMS提供配置管理工具，比如Drupal 8中的配置管理工具。以下是一个实用步骤的概述，可以安排您的工作流并确保数据库配置是版本化的，即使是在团队环境中:

我总是检查我的数据库结构转储到源代码控制。全数据库转储，但我通常只是压缩和存储。