任何数据库接口代码都应该进入版本控制(存储过程、函数等)。

对于结构和数据，这是一个判断。我个人对我的数据库保持一个干净的结构模板，但由于它们的大小，不将它们存储在版本控制中。但是将它存储在版本控制中是非常有益的，即使对于只有历史记录也是如此。

Sadly, I've seen more than one team developing PL/SQL programs (stored procedures in Oracle) - sometimes ten thousands LOC - just by editing the code in TOAD (a database tool), without even saving the source to files (except for deployment). Even if the database is backuped regulary (wouldn't take that for granted, though), the only way to retrieve an old version of a stored procedure is to restore the whole database, which is many GB large. And of course sometimes concurrent changes in one file lead to loss of work, when more than one developer works on the same project.

我们对数据库周围的一切进行版本和源代码控制:

DDL(创建和更改) DML(参考数据、代码等) 数据模型更改(使用ERwin或ER/Studio) 数据库配置更改(权限、安全对象、常规配置更改)

我们使用Change Manager和一些自定义脚本来完成所有这些自动化作业。我们有变更管理器监视这些变更，并在变更完成时通知变更。

如果你的数据库是SQL Server，我们可能有你正在寻找的解决方案。SQL源代码控制1.0现在已经发布了。

http://www.red-gate.com/products/SQL_Source_Control/index.htm

它集成到SSMS中，并提供数据库对象和VCS之间的粘合剂。“脚本输出”是透明的(它在底层使用SQL比较引擎)，这应该使它使用起来如此简单，以至于开发人员不会被阻止采用该过程。

一个可供选择的Visual Studio解决方案是ReadyRoll，它被实现为SSDT数据库项目的子类型。这采用了一种迁移驱动的方法，更适合DevOps团队的自动化需求。

我相信每个DB都应该在源代码控制下，开发人员应该有一种简单的方法从头创建他们的本地数据库。受Visual Studio for Database Professionals的启发，我创建了一个开源工具，脚本MS SQL数据库，并提供了一种简单的方法将它们部署到您的本地DB引擎。试试http://dbsourcetools.codeplex.com/。玩得开心, -内森。

You should never just log in and start entering "ALTER TABLE" commands to change a production database. The project I'm on has database on every customer site, and so every change to the database is made in two places, a dump file that is used to create a new database on a new customer site, and an update file that is run on every update which checks your current database version number against the highest number in the file, and updates your database in place. So for instance, the last couple of updates:

if [ $VERSION \< '8.0.108' ] ; then
  psql -U cosuser $dbName << EOF8.0.108
    BEGIN TRANSACTION;
    --
    -- Remove foreign key that shouldn't have been there.
    -- PCR:35665
    --
    ALTER TABLE     migratorjobitems
    DROP CONSTRAINT migratorjobitems_destcmaid_fkey;
    -- 
    -- Increment the version
    UPDATE          sys_info
    SET             value = '8.0.108'
    WHERE           key = 'DB VERSION';
    END TRANSACTION;
EOF8.0.108
fi

if [ $VERSION \< '8.0.109' ] ; then
  psql -U cosuser $dbName << EOF8.0.109
    BEGIN TRANSACTION;
    --
    -- I missed a couple of cases when I changed the legacy playlist
    -- from reporting showplaylistidnum to playlistidnum
    --
    ALTER TABLE     featureidrequestkdcs
    DROP CONSTRAINT featureidrequestkdcs_cosfeatureid_fkey;
    ALTER TABLE     featureidrequestkdcs
    ADD CONSTRAINT  featureidrequestkdcs_cosfeatureid_fkey
    FOREIGN KEY     (cosfeatureid)
    REFERENCES      playlist(playlistidnum)
    ON DELETE       CASCADE;
    --
    ALTER TABLE     ticket_system_ids
    DROP CONSTRAINT ticket_system_ids_showplaylistidnum_fkey;
    ALTER TABLE     ticket_system_ids
    RENAME          showplaylistidnum
    TO              playlistidnum;
    ALTER TABLE     ticket_system_ids
    ADD CONSTRAINT  ticket_system_ids_playlistidnum_fkey
    FOREIGN KEY     (playlistidnum)
    REFERENCES      playlist(playlistidnum)
    ON DELETE       CASCADE;
    -- 
    -- Increment the version
    UPDATE          sys_info
    SET             value = '8.0.109'
    WHERE           key = 'DB VERSION';
    END TRANSACTION;
EOF8.0.109
fi

我相信有更好的方法来做到这一点，但到目前为止，它对我来说是有效的。