The most successful scheme I've ever used on a project has combined backups and differential SQL files. Basically we would take a backup of our db after every release and do an SQL dump so that we could create a blank schema from scratch if we needed to as well. Then anytime you needed to make a change to the DB you would add an alter scrip to the sql directory under version control. We would always prefix a sequence number or date to the file name so the first change would be something like 01_add_created_on_column.sql, and the next script would be 02_added_customers_index. Our CI machine would check for these and run them sequentially on a fresh copy of the db that had been restored from the backup.

我们还准备了一些脚本，开发人员可以用一个命令将本地db重新初始化到当前版本。

作为一种规则，我们将所有的对象代码(存储过程、视图、触发器、函数等)都保存在源代码控制中，因为这些对象都是代码，而且几乎所有其他答案都同意，代码属于某种形式的版本控制系统。

As for CREATE, DROP, ALTER statements, etc. (DDL), we developed and use BuildMaster to manage the deployment of these scripts such that they can be run once and only once against a target database (whether they fail or not). The general idea is that developers will upload change scripts into the system and when it comes time for deployment, only the change scripts that haven't been run against the target environment's database will be run (this is managed very similarly to Autocracy's answer). The reason for this separation of script types lies in that once you manipulate a table's structure, add an index, etc., you effectively cannot undo that without writing a brand new script, or restoring the database - as opposed to the object code where you can simply drop a view or stored procedure then recreate it.

例如，当您将生产数据库恢复到集成环境中时，可以看到一些好处，系统会自动准确地知道哪些脚本没有运行，并将更改新恢复的数据库的表结构，使其与开发相关。

我已经开始研究sqlHawk，它的目标是围绕这个问题提供(开源)工具。

它目前处于相当早期的阶段，但已经支持存储和执行存储过程以及运行脚本更新。

如果有任何人有时间看这个工具，我将非常感激。

为公然的自我推销道歉，但我希望这对某人有用!

我们有一个每周的sql转储到一个颠覆回购。这是完全自动化的，但这是一项非常繁重的任务。

你会想要限制修改的数量，因为它真的会在一段时间后消耗磁盘空间!

我们使用复制和集群来管理数据库以及备份。我们使用Serena来管理SQL脚本和配置实现。在进行配置更改之前，我们将执行备份，作为更改管理流程的一部分。此备份满足我们的回滚需求。

我认为这完全取决于规模。您是在谈论需要离线备份和灾难恢复的企业应用程序吗?一个运行会计应用程序的小工作组?还是两者之间的任何地方?

我通过保存创建/更新脚本和生成sampledata的脚本来完成。