You should never just log in and start entering "ALTER TABLE" commands to change a production database. The project I'm on has database on every customer site, and so every change to the database is made in two places, a dump file that is used to create a new database on a new customer site, and an update file that is run on every update which checks your current database version number against the highest number in the file, and updates your database in place. So for instance, the last couple of updates:

if [ $VERSION \< '8.0.108' ] ; then
  psql -U cosuser $dbName << EOF8.0.108
    BEGIN TRANSACTION;
    --
    -- Remove foreign key that shouldn't have been there.
    -- PCR:35665
    --
    ALTER TABLE     migratorjobitems
    DROP CONSTRAINT migratorjobitems_destcmaid_fkey;
    -- 
    -- Increment the version
    UPDATE          sys_info
    SET             value = '8.0.108'
    WHERE           key = 'DB VERSION';
    END TRANSACTION;
EOF8.0.108
fi

if [ $VERSION \< '8.0.109' ] ; then
  psql -U cosuser $dbName << EOF8.0.109
    BEGIN TRANSACTION;
    --
    -- I missed a couple of cases when I changed the legacy playlist
    -- from reporting showplaylistidnum to playlistidnum
    --
    ALTER TABLE     featureidrequestkdcs
    DROP CONSTRAINT featureidrequestkdcs_cosfeatureid_fkey;
    ALTER TABLE     featureidrequestkdcs
    ADD CONSTRAINT  featureidrequestkdcs_cosfeatureid_fkey
    FOREIGN KEY     (cosfeatureid)
    REFERENCES      playlist(playlistidnum)
    ON DELETE       CASCADE;
    --
    ALTER TABLE     ticket_system_ids
    DROP CONSTRAINT ticket_system_ids_showplaylistidnum_fkey;
    ALTER TABLE     ticket_system_ids
    RENAME          showplaylistidnum
    TO              playlistidnum;
    ALTER TABLE     ticket_system_ids
    ADD CONSTRAINT  ticket_system_ids_playlistidnum_fkey
    FOREIGN KEY     (playlistidnum)
    REFERENCES      playlist(playlistidnum)
    ON DELETE       CASCADE;
    -- 
    -- Increment the version
    UPDATE          sys_info
    SET             value = '8.0.109'
    WHERE           key = 'DB VERSION';
    END TRANSACTION;
EOF8.0.109
fi

我相信有更好的方法来做到这一点，但到目前为止，它对我来说是有效的。

我已经开始研究sqlHawk，它的目标是围绕这个问题提供(开源)工具。

它目前处于相当早期的阶段，但已经支持存储和执行存储过程以及运行脚本更新。

如果有任何人有时间看这个工具，我将非常感激。

为公然的自我推销道歉，但我希望这对某人有用!

我们正在将所有数据库转移到源代码控制的过程中。我们使用sqlcompare脚本输出数据库(不幸的是，这是一个专业版的特性)，并将结果放到SVN中。

实施的成功将在很大程度上取决于组织的文化和实践。这里的人相信为每个应用程序创建一个数据库。大多数应用程序都使用一组通用的数据库，这也导致了大量的数据库间依赖关系(其中一些是循环的)。由于我们的系统具有数据库间的依赖关系，将数据库模式放到源代码控制中是非常困难的。

祝你好运，你越早尝试，你的问题就会越早解决。

A big problem, often overlooked, is that for larger web based systems, it is required to have a transitional period or bucket testing approach to making new releases. This makes it essential to have both rollback and a mechanism for supporting both the old and new schema in the same DB. This requires a scaffolding approach (made populist by the Agile DB folks). In this scenario, lack of process in DB source control can be a total disaster. You need old schema scripts, new schema scripts and a set of intermediate scripts, as well as a tidy up, once the system is fully on the new version (or rolled back).

需要的不是从头开始重新创建模式的脚本，而是一种基于状态的方法，在这种方法中，您只需要脚本将DB从一个版本移动到另一个版本，向前或向后移动到所需的状态。您的DB变成了一系列状态脚本，可以轻松地对其进行源代码控制，并与源代码的其余部分一起标记。

数据库本身?没有

创建它们的脚本，包括静态数据插入、存储过程等;当然可以。它们是文本文件，它们包含在项目中，像其他东西一样签入和签出。

当然，在理想情况下，您的数据库管理工具可以做到这一点;但你必须遵守纪律。

我通过保存创建/更新脚本和生成sampledata的脚本来完成。