I've heard people say you absolutely have to keep your schemas in the database. I'm not sure I agree. This really depends on the system you're working with. If your system is relatively small and the data is not terribly important. And the the speed at which you need to bring another development environment online is crucial.. then yes.. you can benefit from it. However when your schema is useless without the data and the database is extremely large, it becomes virtually impossible to "source control" your database. Sure, you can still keep your DDL code in source control but that's essentially useless. You can't get the data needed without backup/restore.

在大型数据库开发工作中，我发现备份和恢复是首选的回滚选项。当然，你可以在源代码控制中保留过程、视图、函数等，但要保留表。SQL不是必需的。此外，如果您的部署过程是无懈可击的，那么您很可能永远不需要“回滚”您的生产环境。

我们使用复制和集群来管理数据库以及备份。我们使用Serena来管理SQL脚本和配置实现。在进行配置更改之前，我们将执行备份，作为更改管理流程的一部分。此备份满足我们的回滚需求。

我认为这完全取决于规模。您是在谈论需要离线备份和灾难恢复的企业应用程序吗?一个运行会计应用程序的小工作组?还是两者之间的任何地方?

必须阅读将数据库置于版本控制之下。查看K. Scott Allen的系列帖子。

When it comes to version control, the database is often a second or even third-class citizen. From what I've seen, teams that would never think of writing code without version control in a million years-- and rightly so-- can somehow be completely oblivious to the need for version control around the critical databases their applications rely on. I don't know how you can call yourself a software engineer and maintain a straight face when your database isn't under exactly the same rigorous level of source control as the rest of your code. Don't let this happen to you. Get your database under version control.

我使用SchemaBank来版本控制我所有的数据库模式更改:

从第一天开始，我将我的db模式转储导入其中 我开始用网络浏览器改变我的模式设计(因为它们是基于SaaS /云的) 当我想更新我的db服务器时，我从它生成更改(SQL)脚本并应用到db。在Schemabank中，它们要求我在生成更新脚本之前将工作提交为版本。我喜欢这种练习，这样当我需要的时候，我就可以随时追溯。

我们的团队规则是，在没有存储设计工作之前，永远不要直接接触db服务器。但它发生了，有人可能会被诱惑打破规则，为了方便。我们将再次将模式转储导入到模式银行中，并让它执行diff，如果发现不一致，则对某人进行攻击。虽然我们可以从它生成alter脚本，使我们的db和模式设计同步，但我们讨厌这样做。

顺便说一下，它们还允许我们在版本控制树中创建分支，这样我就可以维护一个用于登台，一个用于生产。还有一个用于编码沙盒。

一个非常整洁的基于web的模式设计工具，带有版本控制和变更管理。

Your project team can have a DBA to whom every developer would forward their create alter, delete, insert/update (for master data) sql statements. DBAs would run those queries and on successfully making the required update would add those statements to a text file or a spreadsheet. Each addition can be labeled as a savepoint. Incase you revert back to a particular savepoint, just do a drop all and run the queries uptil the labelled savepoint. This approach is just a thought... a bit of fine tuning here would work for your development environment.

是的，我们的源代码控制我们的sql脚本也与subversion。这是一个很好的实践，您可以在需要时使用默认数据重新创建模式。