给定以下代码(不起作用):

while True:
    # Snip: print out current state
    while True:
        ok = get_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")
        if ok.lower() == "y": break 2 # This doesn't work :(
        if ok.lower() == "n": break

    # Do more processing with menus and stuff

有办法解决这个问题吗?还是我必须先检查一次,跳出输入循环,然后再检查一次,如果用户满意,再跳出外部循环?


当前回答

以下是一个非常简短的版本: 创建名为break_out_nested.py的文件

import itertools
import sys

it = sys.modules[__name__] # this allows us to share variables with break_out_nested.py when we import it 


def bol(*args):
    condi = args[-1] # the condition function
    i = args[:-1] # all iterables 
    for p in itertools.product(*i): # itertools.product creates the nested loop
        if condi(): # if the condition is True, we return 
            return
        yield p # if not, we yield the result 

现在你只需要几行就可以打破嵌套的循环(数据来自Rafiq的例子)

from break_out_nested import it, bol # import what we have just created

# you need to create new variables as attributes of it,
# because break_out_nested has only access to these variables
it.i, it.j, it.k = 1, 1, 1
# the break condition
def cond(): return it.i % 3 == 0 and it.j % 3 == 0 and it.k % 3 == 0

# The condition will be checked in each loop 
for it.i, it.j, it.k in bol(range(1, 6, 1), range(1, 11, 2, ), range(1, 21, 4), cond):
    print(it.i, it.j, it.k)

更多的例子:

def cond(): return it.i + it.j + it.k == 777

it.i, it.j, it.k = 0, 0, 0
for it.i, it.j, it.k in bol(range(100), range(1000), range(10000), cond):
    print(it.i, it.j, it.k)




def cond(): return it.i + it.j + it.k >= 100000

it.i, it.j, it.k = 0, 0, 0
# you dont have to use it.i, it.j, it.k as the loop variables, you can
# use anything you want, but you have to update the variables somewhere
for i, j, k in bol(range(100), range(1000), range(10000), cond):
    it.i, it.j, it.k = i * 10, j * 100, k * 100
    print(it.i, it.j, it.k)

其他回答

首先,您还可以考虑将获取和验证输入的过程作为一个函数;在该函数中,如果值正确,则返回值,如果不正确,则继续在while循环中旋转。这本质上避免了您解决的问题,并且通常可以应用于更一般的情况(打破多个循环)。如果你一定要在代码中保留这个结构,并且真的不想处理记帐布尔值……

你也可以用下面的方式使用goto(在这里使用一个愚人节模块):

#import the stuff
from goto import goto, label

while True:
    #snip: print out current state
    while True:
        ok = get_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")
        if ok == "y" or ok == "Y": goto .breakall
        if ok == "n" or ok == "N": break
    #do more processing with menus and stuff
label .breakall

我知道,我知道,“你不应该使用goto”之类的,但它在这种奇怪的情况下很管用。

通过使用函数:

def myloop():
    for i in range(1,6,1):  # 1st loop
        print('i:',i)
        for j in range(1,11,2):  # 2nd loop
            print('   i, j:' ,i, j)
            for k in range(1,21,4):  # 3rd loop
                print('      i,j,k:', i,j,k)
                if i%3==0 and j%3==0 and k%3==0:
                    return  # getting out of all loops

myloop()

尝试通过注释掉返回值来运行上面的代码。

不使用任何函数:

done = False
for i in range(1,6,1):  # 1st loop
    print('i:', i)
    for j in range(1,11,2):  # 2nd loop
        print('   i, j:' ,i, j)
        for k in range(1,21,4):  # 3rd loop
            print('      i,j,k:', i,j,k)
            if i%3==0 and j%3==0 and k%3==0:
                done = True
                break  # breaking from 3rd loop
        if done: break # breaking from 2nd loop
    if done: break     # breaking from 1st loop

现在,首先按原样运行上面的代码,然后尝试从底部注释掉包含break的每一行。

以下是一个非常简短的版本: 创建名为break_out_nested.py的文件

import itertools
import sys

it = sys.modules[__name__] # this allows us to share variables with break_out_nested.py when we import it 


def bol(*args):
    condi = args[-1] # the condition function
    i = args[:-1] # all iterables 
    for p in itertools.product(*i): # itertools.product creates the nested loop
        if condi(): # if the condition is True, we return 
            return
        yield p # if not, we yield the result 

现在你只需要几行就可以打破嵌套的循环(数据来自Rafiq的例子)

from break_out_nested import it, bol # import what we have just created

# you need to create new variables as attributes of it,
# because break_out_nested has only access to these variables
it.i, it.j, it.k = 1, 1, 1
# the break condition
def cond(): return it.i % 3 == 0 and it.j % 3 == 0 and it.k % 3 == 0

# The condition will be checked in each loop 
for it.i, it.j, it.k in bol(range(1, 6, 1), range(1, 11, 2, ), range(1, 21, 4), cond):
    print(it.i, it.j, it.k)

更多的例子:

def cond(): return it.i + it.j + it.k == 777

it.i, it.j, it.k = 0, 0, 0
for it.i, it.j, it.k in bol(range(100), range(1000), range(10000), cond):
    print(it.i, it.j, it.k)




def cond(): return it.i + it.j + it.k >= 100000

it.i, it.j, it.k = 0, 0, 0
# you dont have to use it.i, it.j, it.k as the loop variables, you can
# use anything you want, but you have to update the variables somewhere
for i, j, k in bol(range(100), range(1000), range(10000), cond):
    it.i, it.j, it.k = i * 10, j * 100, k * 100
    print(it.i, it.j, it.k)

PEP 3136建议标记中断/继续。Guido拒绝了它,因为“需要这个功能的复杂代码非常罕见”。不过,PEP确实提到了一些变通方法(比如异常技术),而Guido认为在大多数情况下,使用return进行重构会更简单。

在Python中有一个隐藏的技巧…Else结构,可以用来模拟双中断,而不需要太多的代码更改/添加。本质上,如果while条件为false,则触发else块。任何异常、continue或break都不会触发else块。有关更多信息,请参阅对“Python while语句上的Else子句”或Python while上的doc (v2.7)的回答。

while True:
    #snip: print out current state
    ok = ""
    while ok != "y" and ok != "n":
        ok = get_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")
        if ok == "n" or ok == "N":
            break    # Breaks out of inner loop, skipping else

    else:
        break        # Breaks out of outer loop

    #do more processing with menus and stuff

唯一的缺点是需要将双中断条件移到while条件中(或添加一个标志变量)。对于for循环也存在这种变化,其中else块在循环完成后被触发。