Threads -- > Threads shares a memory space,it is an abstraction of the CPU,it is lightweight. Processes --> Processes have their own memory space,it is an abstraction of a computer. To parallelise task you need to abstract a CPU. However the advantages of using a process over a thread is security,stability while a thread uses lesser memory than process and offers lesser latency. An example in terms of web would be chrome and firefox. In case of Chrome each tab is a new process hence memory usage of chrome is higher than firefox ,while the security and stability provided is better than firefox. The security here provided by chrome is better,since each tab is a new process different tab cannot snoop into the memory space of a given process.

其他人讨论了这些考虑因素。

也许重要的区别是，在Windows中，与线程相比，进程是沉重和昂贵的，而在Linux中，差异要小得多，所以等式在不同的点上平衡。

Threads -- > Threads shares a memory space,it is an abstraction of the CPU,it is lightweight. Processes --> Processes have their own memory space,it is an abstraction of a computer. To parallelise task you need to abstract a CPU. However the advantages of using a process over a thread is security,stability while a thread uses lesser memory than process and offers lesser latency. An example in terms of web would be chrome and firefox. In case of Chrome each tab is a new process hence memory usage of chrome is higher than firefox ,while the security and stability provided is better than firefox. The security here provided by chrome is better,since each tab is a new process different tab cannot snoop into the memory space of a given process.

如果你需要共享资源，你真的应该使用线程。

还要考虑这样一个事实:线程之间的上下文切换比进程之间的上下文切换代价要小得多。

我认为没有理由明确地使用单独的进程，除非你有一个很好的理由这样做(安全，经过验证的性能测试，等等……)

更复杂的是，还有线程本地存储和Unix共享内存。

Thread-local storage allows each thread to have a separate instance of global objects. The only time I've used it was when constructing an emulation environment on linux/windows, for application code that ran in an RTOS. In the RTOS each task was a process with it's own address space, in the emulation environment, each task was a thread (with a shared address space). By using TLS for things like singletons, we were able to have a separate instance for each thread, just like under the 'real' RTOS environment.

共享内存(显然)可以为您带来让多个进程访问相同内存的性能优势，但代价是必须正确地同步进程。一种方法是让一个进程在共享内存中创建一个数据结构，然后通过传统的进程间通信(如命名管道)向该结构发送句柄。

这取决于很多因素。进程比线程更重，启动和关闭成本更高。进程间通信(IPC)也比线程间通信更困难、更慢。

相反，进程比线程更安全，因为每个进程都运行在自己的虚拟地址空间中。如果一个进程崩溃或缓冲区溢出，它根本不会影响任何其他进程，而如果一个线程崩溃，它会关闭进程中的所有其他线程，如果一个线程缓冲区溢出，它会在所有线程中打开一个安全漏洞。

因此，如果应用程序的模块可以在很少通信的情况下独立运行，那么如果能够负担得起启动和关闭成本，则可能应该使用进程。IPC对性能的影响将是最小的，并且您在漏洞和安全漏洞方面会稍微安全一些。如果您需要获得或拥有大量共享数据(例如复杂的数据结构)，那么请使用线程。