我在上一门计算机系统课程，在某种程度上，我一直在为“二的补充”而挣扎。我想了解它，但我所读到的一切并没有让我明白它的含义。我读过维基百科的文章和其他各种文章，包括我的课本。
什么是2的补数，我们如何使用它，它如何在强制转换(从有符号到无符号，反之亦然)、逐位操作和位移位操作等操作中影响数字?
当前回答
通过对给定数的第1个补数加1，可以求出两个补数。 假设我们要求出10101的两个补，然后求出它的一个补，也就是，在这个结果上加1，也就是，01010+1=01011，这就是最终答案。
其他回答
问题是“什么是“2的补码”?”
对于那些想要从理论上理解它的人(以及我试图补充其他更实际的答案)，简单的答案是:2的补码是对偶系统中不需要额外字符(如+和-)的负整数的表示。
2的补语:当我们用一个数字的1的补语加一个额外的1时，我们将得到2的补语。例如:100101，它的1的补足是011010和2的补足是011010+1 = 011011(通过与1的补足相加) 本文以图解的方式对此进行了解释。
我在Reddit上读到jng的一篇精彩的解释，用里程表做类比。
It is a useful convention. The same circuits and logic operations that add / subtract positive numbers in binary still work on both positive and negative numbers if using the convention, that's why it's so useful and omnipresent. Imagine the odometer of a car, it rolls around at (say) 99999. If you increment 00000 you get 00001. If you decrement 00000, you get 99999 (due to the roll-around). If you add one back to 99999 it goes back to 00000. So it's useful to decide that 99999 represents -1. Likewise, it is very useful to decide that 99998 represents -2, and so on. You have to stop somewhere, and also by convention, the top half of the numbers are deemed to be negative (50000-99999), and the bottom half positive just stand for themselves (00000-49999). As a result, the top digit being 5-9 means the represented number is negative, and it being 0-4 means the represented is positive - exactly the same as the top bit representing sign in a two's complement binary number. Understanding this was hard for me too. Once I got it and went back to re-read the books articles and explanations (there was no internet back then), it turned out a lot of those describing it didn't really understand it. I did write a book teaching assembly language after that (which did sell quite well for 10 years).
我喜欢lavinio的回答，但变换部分增加了一些复杂性。通常情况下，可以选择在保留符号位的情况下移动位，或者不保留符号位。这是将数字处理为有符号数字(-8到7表示小块，-128到127表示字节)或全范围无符号数字(0到15表示小块，0到255表示字节)之间的选择。
你也可以使用在线计算器来计算一个十进制数的补二表示:http://www.convertforfree.com/twos-complement-calculator/
