这是这个问题的另一个解决方案。我需要一个尽可能快的解决方案。这意味着只对列表进行一次迭代，并且最好是O(1)用于向结果列表之一添加数据。这与sastanin提供的解决方案非常相似，只是更短:

from collections import deque

def split(iterable, function):
    dq_true = deque()
    dq_false = deque()

    # deque - the fastest way to consume an iterator and append items
    deque((
      (dq_true if function(item) else dq_false).append(item) for item in iterable
    ), maxlen=0)

    return dq_true, dq_false

此时，可以按照如下方式使用该函数:

lower, higher = split([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], lambda x: x < 5)

selected, other = split([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], lambda x: x in {0,4,9})

如果你对结果的deque对象不满意，你可以很容易地将其转换为list、set或任何你喜欢的对象(例如list(lower))。转换要快得多，直接构建列表。

该方法保持项目的顺序，以及任何副本。

第一步(pre-OP-edit):使用集合:

mylist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
goodvals = [1,3,7,8,9]

myset = set(mylist)
goodset = set(goodvals)

print list(myset.intersection(goodset))  # [1, 3, 7]
print list(myset.difference(goodset))    # [2, 4, 5, 6]

这对可读性(IMHO)和性能都有好处。

第二步(post-OP-edit):

创建一个好的扩展列表:

IMAGE_TYPES = set(['.jpg','.jpeg','.gif','.bmp','.png'])

这将提高性能。否则，你现在的情况在我看来还不错。

def partition(pred, iterable):
    'Use a predicate to partition entries into false entries and true entries'
    # partition(is_odd, range(10)) --> 0 2 4 6 8   and  1 3 5 7 9
    t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
    return filterfalse(pred, t1), filter(pred, t2)

检查这个

def partition(pred, seq):
  return reduce( lambda (yes, no), x: (yes+[x], no) if pred(x) else (yes, no+[x]), seq, ([], []) )

我转向numpy来解决这个问题，以限制行数，并使其成为一个简单的函数。

我能够得到一个条件满足，将一个列表分为两个，使用np。在哪里分离出一个列表。这适用于数字，但这可以扩展使用字符串和列表，我相信。

在这儿……

from numpy import where as wh, array as arr

midz = lambda a, mid: (a[wh(a > mid)], a[wh((a =< mid))])
p_ = arr([i for i in [75, 50, 403, 453, 0, 25, 428] if i])
high,low = midz(p_, p_.mean())

一个基于生成器的版本，如果你能忍受一个或两个原始列表的反转。

设置…

random.seed(1234)
a = list(range(10))
random.shuffle(a)
a
[2, 8, 3, 5, 6, 4, 9, 0, 1, 7]

至于分裂……

(list((a.pop(j) for j, y in [(len(a)-i-1, x) for i,x in enumerate(a[::-1])] if y%2 == 0))[::-1], a)
([2, 8, 6, 4, 0], [3, 5, 9, 1, 7])

Another list of tuples of locations and each element is built in reverse order. In a generator wrapped round that each element is tested against the predicate (here test for even) and if True then the element is poped using previously computed locations. We are working backwards along the list so poping elements out does not change positions closer to the beginning of the list. A wrapping list() evaluates the generator and a final revers [::-1] puts the elements back in the right order. The original list "a" now only contains elements that for which the predicate is False.