我有这样的代码:

good = [x for x in mylist if x in goodvals]
bad = [x for x in mylist if x not in goodvals]

目标是根据mylist的内容是否满足条件,将它们拆分为另外两个列表。

我怎样才能做得更优雅呢?我能避免在mylist上做两个单独的迭代吗?我可以通过这样做来提高性能吗?


当前回答

我认为基于N个条件来划分一个可迭代对象是很方便的

from collections import OrderedDict
def partition(iterable,*conditions):
    '''Returns a list with the elements that satisfy each of condition.
       Conditions are assumed to be exclusive'''
    d= OrderedDict((i,list())for i in range(len(conditions)))        
    for e in iterable:
        for i,condition in enumerate(conditions):
            if condition(e):
                d[i].append(e)
                break                    
    return d.values()

例如:

ints,floats,other = partition([2, 3.14, 1, 1.69, [], None],
                              lambda x: isinstance(x, int), 
                              lambda x: isinstance(x, float),
                              lambda x: True)

print " ints: {}\n floats:{}\n other:{}".format(ints,floats,other)

 ints: [2, 1]
 floats:[3.14, 1.69]
 other:[[], None]

如果元素可以满足多个条件,则删除断点。

其他回答

如果你坚持聪明,你可以采用温登的解决方案,再加上一点虚假的聪明:

def splay(l, f, d=None):
  d = d or {}
  for x in l: d.setdefault(f(x), []).append(x)
  return d

itertools。Groupby几乎可以满足您的要求,除了它要求对条目进行排序以确保您获得一个连续的范围之外,因此您需要首先根据键进行排序(否则您将为每种类型获得多个交错的组)。如。

def is_good(f):
    return f[2].lower() in IMAGE_TYPES

files = [ ('file1.jpg', 33L, '.jpg'), ('file2.avi', 999L, '.avi'), ('file3.gif', 123L, '.gif')]

for key, group in itertools.groupby(sorted(files, key=is_good), key=is_good):
    print key, list(group)

给:

False [('file2.avi', 999L, '.avi')]
True [('file1.jpg', 33L, '.jpg'), ('file3.gif', 123L, '.gif')]

与其他解决方案类似,可以将键func定义为任意数量的组。

这是这个问题的另一个解决方案。我需要一个尽可能快的解决方案。这意味着只对列表进行一次迭代,并且最好是O(1)用于向结果列表之一添加数据。这与sastanin提供的解决方案非常相似,只是更短:

from collections import deque

def split(iterable, function):
    dq_true = deque()
    dq_false = deque()

    # deque - the fastest way to consume an iterator and append items
    deque((
      (dq_true if function(item) else dq_false).append(item) for item in iterable
    ), maxlen=0)

    return dq_true, dq_false

此时,可以按照如下方式使用该函数:

lower, higher = split([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], lambda x: x < 5)

selected, other = split([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], lambda x: x in {0,4,9})

如果你对结果的deque对象不满意,你可以很容易地将其转换为list、set或任何你喜欢的对象(例如list(lower))。转换要快得多,直接构建列表。

该方法保持项目的顺序,以及任何副本。

这个问题已经有很多答案了,但似乎都不如我最喜欢的解决这个问题的方法,这种方法只遍历和测试每个项目一次,并使用列表理解的速度来构建两个输出列表之一,因此它只需要使用相对较慢的附加来构建一个输出列表:

bad = []
good = [x for x in mylist if x in goodvals or bad.append(x)]

In my answer to a similar question, I explain how this approach works (a combination of Python's greedy evaluation of or refraining from executing the append for "good" items, and append returning a false-like value which leaves the if condition false for "bad" items), and I show timeit results indicating that this approach outcompetes alternatives like those suggested here, especially in cases where the majority of items will go into the list built by list-comprehension (in this case, the good list).

有时候你并不需要清单上的另一半。 例如:

import sys
from itertools import ifilter

trustedPeople = sys.argv[1].split(',')
newName = sys.argv[2]

myFriends = ifilter(lambda x: x.startswith('Shi'), trustedPeople)

print '%s is %smy friend.' % (newName, newName not in myFriends 'not ' or '')