我有这样的代码:

good = [x for x in mylist if x in goodvals]
bad = [x for x in mylist if x not in goodvals]

目标是根据mylist的内容是否满足条件,将它们拆分为另外两个列表。

我怎样才能做得更优雅呢?我能避免在mylist上做两个单独的迭代吗?我可以通过这样做来提高性能吗?


当前回答

我认为基于N个条件来划分一个可迭代对象是很方便的

from collections import OrderedDict
def partition(iterable,*conditions):
    '''Returns a list with the elements that satisfy each of condition.
       Conditions are assumed to be exclusive'''
    d= OrderedDict((i,list())for i in range(len(conditions)))        
    for e in iterable:
        for i,condition in enumerate(conditions):
            if condition(e):
                d[i].append(e)
                break                    
    return d.values()

例如:

ints,floats,other = partition([2, 3.14, 1, 1.69, [], None],
                              lambda x: isinstance(x, int), 
                              lambda x: isinstance(x, float),
                              lambda x: True)

print " ints: {}\n floats:{}\n other:{}".format(ints,floats,other)

 ints: [2, 1]
 floats:[3.14, 1.69]
 other:[[], None]

如果元素可以满足多个条件,则删除断点。

其他回答

itertools。Groupby几乎可以满足您的要求,除了它要求对条目进行排序以确保您获得一个连续的范围之外,因此您需要首先根据键进行排序(否则您将为每种类型获得多个交错的组)。如。

def is_good(f):
    return f[2].lower() in IMAGE_TYPES

files = [ ('file1.jpg', 33L, '.jpg'), ('file2.avi', 999L, '.avi'), ('file3.gif', 123L, '.gif')]

for key, group in itertools.groupby(sorted(files, key=is_good), key=is_good):
    print key, list(group)

给:

False [('file2.avi', 999L, '.avi')]
True [('file1.jpg', 33L, '.jpg'), ('file3.gif', 123L, '.gif')]

与其他解决方案类似,可以将键func定义为任意数量的组。

如果你不想用两行代码来完成一个语义只需要一次的操作,你可以把上面的一些方法(甚至是你自己的方法)包装在一个函数中:

def part_with_predicate(l, pred):
    return [i for i in l if pred(i)], [i for i in l if not pred(i)]

这不是一种惰性计算方法,它确实对列表进行了两次迭代,但是它允许您在一行代码中对列表进行分区。

例如,按偶数和奇数拆分列表

arr = range(20)
even, odd = reduce(lambda res, next: res[next % 2].append(next) or res, arr, ([], []))

或者概括地说:

def split(predicate, iterable):
    return reduce(lambda res, e: res[predicate(e)].append(e) or res, iterable, ([], []))

优点:

最短路径 Predicate对每个元素只应用一次

缺点

需要函数式编程范例的知识

这个问题已经有很多答案了,但似乎都不如我最喜欢的解决这个问题的方法,这种方法只遍历和测试每个项目一次,并使用列表理解的速度来构建两个输出列表之一,因此它只需要使用相对较慢的附加来构建一个输出列表:

bad = []
good = [x for x in mylist if x in goodvals or bad.append(x)]

In my answer to a similar question, I explain how this approach works (a combination of Python's greedy evaluation of or refraining from executing the append for "good" items, and append returning a false-like value which leaves the if condition false for "bad" items), and I show timeit results indicating that this approach outcompetes alternatives like those suggested here, especially in cases where the majority of items will go into the list built by list-comprehension (in this case, the good list).

第一步(pre-OP-edit):使用集合:

mylist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
goodvals = [1,3,7,8,9]

myset = set(mylist)
goodset = set(goodvals)

print list(myset.intersection(goodset))  # [1, 3, 7]
print list(myset.difference(goodset))    # [2, 4, 5, 6]

这对可读性(IMHO)和性能都有好处。

第二步(post-OP-edit):

创建一个好的扩展列表:

IMAGE_TYPES = set(['.jpg','.jpeg','.gif','.bmp','.png'])

这将提高性能。否则,你现在的情况在我看来还不错。