我有一条从a到B的直线和一个半径为R的圆。
用什么算法来检查直线是否与圆相交?它在圆边的哪个坐标上?
我有一条从a到B的直线和一个半径为R的圆。
用什么算法来检查直线是否与圆相交?它在圆边的哪个坐标上?
当前回答
我知道自从这个帖子被打开以来已经有一段时间了。根据chmike给出的答案,经Aqib Mumtaz改进。他们给出了一个很好的答案,但只适用于无限线,就像Aqib说的那样。所以我添加了一些比较来知道线段是否与圆接触,我用Python写的。
def LineIntersectCircle(c, r, p1, p2):
#p1 is the first line point
#p2 is the second line point
#c is the circle's center
#r is the circle's radius
p3 = [p1[0]-c[0], p1[1]-c[1]]
p4 = [p2[0]-c[0], p2[1]-c[1]]
m = (p4[1] - p3[1]) / (p4[0] - p3[0])
b = p3[1] - m * p3[0]
underRadical = math.pow(r,2)*math.pow(m,2) + math.pow(r,2) - math.pow(b,2)
if (underRadical < 0):
print("NOT")
else:
t1 = (-2*m*b+2*math.sqrt(underRadical)) / (2 * math.pow(m,2) + 2)
t2 = (-2*m*b-2*math.sqrt(underRadical)) / (2 * math.pow(m,2) + 2)
i1 = [t1+c[0], m * t1 + b + c[1]]
i2 = [t2+c[0], m * t2 + b + c[1]]
if p1[0] > p2[0]: #Si el punto 1 es mayor al 2 en X
if (i1[0] < p1[0]) and (i1[0] > p2[0]): #Si el punto iX esta entre 2 y 1 en X
if p1[1] > p2[1]: #Si el punto 1 es mayor al 2 en Y
if (i1[1] < p1[1]) and (i1[1] > p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 2 y 1
print("Intersection")
if p1[1] < p2[1]: #Si el punto 2 es mayo al 2 en Y
if (i1[1] > p1[1]) and (i1[1] < p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 1 y 2
print("Intersection")
if p1[0] < p2[0]: #Si el punto 2 es mayor al 1 en X
if (i1[0] > p1[0]) and (i1[0] < p2[0]): #Si el punto iX esta entre 1 y 2 en X
if p1[1] > p2[1]: #Si el punto 1 es mayor al 2 en Y
if (i1[1] < p1[1]) and (i1[1] > p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 2 y 1
print("Intersection")
if p1[1] < p2[1]: #Si el punto 2 es mayo al 2 en Y
if (i1[1] > p1[1]) and (i1[1] < p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 1 y 2
print("Intersection")
if p1[0] > p2[0]: #Si el punto 1 es mayor al 2 en X
if (i2[0] < p1[0]) and (i2[0] > p2[0]): #Si el punto iX esta entre 2 y 1 en X
if p1[1] > p2[1]: #Si el punto 1 es mayor al 2 en Y
if (i2[1] < p1[1]) and (i2[1] > p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 2 y 1
print("Intersection")
if p1[1] < p2[1]: #Si el punto 2 es mayo al 2 en Y
if (i2[1] > p1[1]) and (i2[1] < p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 1 y 2
print("Intersection")
if p1[0] < p2[0]: #Si el punto 2 es mayor al 1 en X
if (i2[0] > p1[0]) and (i2[0] < p2[0]): #Si el punto iX esta entre 1 y 2 en X
if p1[1] > p2[1]: #Si el punto 1 es mayor al 2 en Y
if (i2[1] < p1[1]) and (i2[1] > p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 2 y 1
print("Intersection")
if p1[1] < p2[1]: #Si el punto 2 es mayo al 2 en Y
if (i2[1] > p1[1]) and (i2[1] < p2[1]): #Si el punto iy esta entre 1 y 2
print("Intersection")
其他回答
奇怪的是,我可以回答,但不能评论…… 我喜欢Multitaskpro的方法,它可以移动所有东西,使圆的中心落在原点上。不幸的是,他的代码中有两个问题。首先在平方根下的部分,你需要去掉双倍的幂。所以不是:
is underRadical = Math.pow((Math.pow(r,2)*(Math.pow(m,2)+1)),2)-Math.pow(b,2));
but:
under Radical = Math.pow(r,2)*(Math.pow(m,2)+1)) - Math.pow(b,2);
在最后的坐标中,他忘记把解移回来。所以不是:
var i1 = {x:t1,y:m*t1+b}
but:
Var i1 = {x:t1+c。x, y: m * t1 + b +陈守惠};
整个函数就变成:
function interceptOnCircle(p1, p2, c, r) {
//p1 is the first line point
//p2 is the second line point
//c is the circle's center
//r is the circle's radius
var p3 = {x:p1.x - c.x, y:p1.y - c.y}; //shifted line points
var p4 = {x:p2.x - c.x, y:p2.y - c.y};
var m = (p4.y - p3.y) / (p4.x - p3.x); //slope of the line
var b = p3.y - m * p3.x; //y-intercept of line
var underRadical = Math.pow(r,2)*Math.pow(m,2) + Math.pow(r,2) - Math.pow(b,2); //the value under the square root sign
if (underRadical < 0) {
//line completely missed
return false;
} else {
var t1 = (-m*b + Math.sqrt(underRadical))/(Math.pow(m,2) + 1); //one of the intercept x's
var t2 = (-m*b - Math.sqrt(underRadical))/(Math.pow(m,2) + 1); //other intercept's x
var i1 = {x:t1+c.x, y:m*t1+b+c.y}; //intercept point 1
var i2 = {x:t2+c.x, y:m*t2+b+c.y}; //intercept point 2
return [i1, i2];
}
}
我会用这个算法来计算点(圆心)和线(线AB)之间的距离。这可以用来确定直线与圆的交点。
假设有点A B c, Ax和Ay是A点的x和y分量。B和c也是一样,标量R是圆半径。
该算法要求A B C是不同的点,且R不为0。
这是算法
// compute the euclidean distance between A and B
LAB = sqrt( (Bx-Ax)²+(By-Ay)² )
// compute the direction vector D from A to B
Dx = (Bx-Ax)/LAB
Dy = (By-Ay)/LAB
// the equation of the line AB is x = Dx*t + Ax, y = Dy*t + Ay with 0 <= t <= LAB.
// compute the distance between the points A and E, where
// E is the point of AB closest the circle center (Cx, Cy)
t = Dx*(Cx-Ax) + Dy*(Cy-Ay)
// compute the coordinates of the point E
Ex = t*Dx+Ax
Ey = t*Dy+Ay
// compute the euclidean distance between E and C
LEC = sqrt((Ex-Cx)²+(Ey-Cy)²)
// test if the line intersects the circle
if( LEC < R )
{
// compute distance from t to circle intersection point
dt = sqrt( R² - LEC²)
// compute first intersection point
Fx = (t-dt)*Dx + Ax
Fy = (t-dt)*Dy + Ay
// compute second intersection point
Gx = (t+dt)*Dx + Ax
Gy = (t+dt)*Dy + Ay
}
// else test if the line is tangent to circle
else if( LEC == R )
// tangent point to circle is E
else
// line doesn't touch circle
如果你找到了圆心(因为它是3D的,我想你是指球体而不是圆)和直线之间的距离,然后检查这个距离是否小于可以做到这一点的半径。
碰撞点显然是直线和球面之间最近的点(当你计算球面和直线之间的距离时,会计算出这个点)
点与线之间的距离: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Point-LineDistance3-Dimensional.html
另一个在c#(部分圆类)。 经过测试,工作就像一个魅力。
public class Circle : IEquatable<Circle>
{
// ******************************************************************
// The center of a circle
private Point _center;
// The radius of a circle
private double _radius;
// ******************************************************************
/// <summary>
/// Find all intersections (0, 1, 2) of the circle with a line defined by its 2 points.
/// Using: http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/228841/how-do-i-calculate-the-intersections-of-a-straight-line-and-a-circle
/// Note: p is the Center.X and q is Center.Y
/// </summary>
/// <param name="linePoint1"></param>
/// <param name="linePoint2"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<Point> GetIntersections(Point linePoint1, Point linePoint2)
{
List<Point> intersections = new List<Point>();
double dx = linePoint2.X - linePoint1.X;
if (dx.AboutEquals(0)) // Straight vertical line
{
if (linePoint1.X.AboutEquals(Center.X - Radius) || linePoint1.X.AboutEquals(Center.X + Radius))
{
Point pt = new Point(linePoint1.X, Center.Y);
intersections.Add(pt);
}
else if (linePoint1.X > Center.X - Radius && linePoint1.X < Center.X + Radius)
{
double x = linePoint1.X - Center.X;
Point pt = new Point(linePoint1.X, Center.Y + Math.Sqrt(Radius * Radius - (x * x)));
intersections.Add(pt);
pt = new Point(linePoint1.X, Center.Y - Math.Sqrt(Radius * Radius - (x * x)));
intersections.Add(pt);
}
return intersections;
}
// Line function (y = mx + b)
double dy = linePoint2.Y - linePoint1.Y;
double m = dy / dx;
double b = linePoint1.Y - m * linePoint1.X;
double A = m * m + 1;
double B = 2 * (m * b - m * _center.Y - Center.X);
double C = Center.X * Center.X + Center.Y * Center.Y - Radius * Radius - 2 * b * Center.Y + b * b;
double discriminant = B * B - 4 * A * C;
if (discriminant < 0)
{
return intersections; // there is no intersections
}
if (discriminant.AboutEquals(0)) // Tangeante (touch on 1 point only)
{
double x = -B / (2 * A);
double y = m * x + b;
intersections.Add(new Point(x, y));
}
else // Secant (touch on 2 points)
{
double x = (-B + Math.Sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * A);
double y = m * x + b;
intersections.Add(new Point(x, y));
x = (-B - Math.Sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * A);
y = m * x + b;
intersections.Add(new Point(x, y));
}
return intersections;
}
// ******************************************************************
// Get the center
[XmlElement("Center")]
public Point Center
{
get { return _center; }
set
{
_center = value;
}
}
// ******************************************************************
// Get the radius
[XmlElement]
public double Radius
{
get { return _radius; }
set { _radius = value; }
}
//// ******************************************************************
//[XmlArrayItemAttribute("DoublePoint")]
//public List<Point> Coordinates
//{
// get { return _coordinates; }
//}
// ******************************************************************
// Construct a circle without any specification
public Circle()
{
_center.X = 0;
_center.Y = 0;
_radius = 0;
}
// ******************************************************************
// Construct a circle without any specification
public Circle(double radius)
{
_center.X = 0;
_center.Y = 0;
_radius = radius;
}
// ******************************************************************
// Construct a circle with the specified circle
public Circle(Circle circle)
{
_center = circle._center;
_radius = circle._radius;
}
// ******************************************************************
// Construct a circle with the specified center and radius
public Circle(Point center, double radius)
{
_center = center;
_radius = radius;
}
// ******************************************************************
// Construct a circle based on one point
public Circle(Point center)
{
_center = center;
_radius = 0;
}
// ******************************************************************
// Construct a circle based on two points
public Circle(Point p1, Point p2)
{
Circle2Points(p1, p2);
}
要求:
using System;
namespace Mathematic
{
public static class DoubleExtension
{
// ******************************************************************
// Base on Hans Passant Answer on:
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2411392/double-epsilon-for-equality-greater-than-less-than-less-than-or-equal-to-gre
/// <summary>
/// Compare two double taking in account the double precision potential error.
/// Take care: truncation errors accumulate on calculation. More you do, more you should increase the epsilon.
public static bool AboutEquals(this double value1, double value2)
{
if (double.IsPositiveInfinity(value1))
return double.IsPositiveInfinity(value2);
if (double.IsNegativeInfinity(value1))
return double.IsNegativeInfinity(value2);
if (double.IsNaN(value1))
return double.IsNaN(value2);
double epsilon = Math.Max(Math.Abs(value1), Math.Abs(value2)) * 1E-15;
return Math.Abs(value1 - value2) <= epsilon;
}
// ******************************************************************
// Base on Hans Passant Answer on:
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2411392/double-epsilon-for-equality-greater-than-less-than-less-than-or-equal-to-gre
/// <summary>
/// Compare two double taking in account the double precision potential error.
/// Take care: truncation errors accumulate on calculation. More you do, more you should increase the epsilon.
/// You get really better performance when you can determine the contextual epsilon first.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value1"></param>
/// <param name="value2"></param>
/// <param name="precalculatedContextualEpsilon"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool AboutEquals(this double value1, double value2, double precalculatedContextualEpsilon)
{
if (double.IsPositiveInfinity(value1))
return double.IsPositiveInfinity(value2);
if (double.IsNegativeInfinity(value1))
return double.IsNegativeInfinity(value2);
if (double.IsNaN(value1))
return double.IsNaN(value2);
return Math.Abs(value1 - value2) <= precalculatedContextualEpsilon;
}
// ******************************************************************
public static double GetContextualEpsilon(this double biggestPossibleContextualValue)
{
return biggestPossibleContextualValue * 1E-15;
}
// ******************************************************************
/// <summary>
/// Mathlab equivalent
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dividend"></param>
/// <param name="divisor"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double Mod(this double dividend, double divisor)
{
return dividend - System.Math.Floor(dividend / divisor) * divisor;
}
// ******************************************************************
}
}
好吧,我不会给你代码,但既然你已经标记了这个算法,我认为这对你来说无关紧要。 首先,你要得到一个垂直于这条直线的向量。
y = ax + c是一个未知变量c是未知变量 为了解决这个问题,计算直线经过圆心时的值。
也就是说, 将圆心的位置代入直线方程,解出c。 然后计算原直线与其法线的交点。
这样就能得到直线上离圆最近的点。 计算该点到圆中心之间的距离(使用矢量的大小)。 如果这个小于圆的半径,看,我们有一个交点!