要回答您的问题，您应该知道malloc和new之间的区别。区别很简单:

malloc分配内存，而new分配内存并调用要分配内存的对象的构造函数。

因此，除非仅限于使用C，否则永远不要使用malloc，特别是在处理c++对象时。这将会破坏你的程序。

free和delete的区别也是一样的。不同之处在于，delete除了释放内存外，还会调用对象的析构函数。

malloc和new有一个很大的区别。Malloc分配内存。这对于C语言来说很好，因为在C语言中，一块内存就是一个对象。

在c++中，如果你不处理POD类型(类似于C类型)，你必须在内存位置上调用构造函数来实际拥有一个对象。非pod类型在c++中非常常见，因为许多c++特性使对象自动变为非pod类型。

New分配内存并在该内存位置上创建一个对象。对于非pod类型，这意味着调用构造函数。

如果你这样做:

non_pod_type* p = (non_pod_type*) malloc(sizeof *p);

您获得的指针不能被解引用，因为它不指向对象。在使用它之前，您需要调用它的构造函数(这是使用placement new完成的)。

另一方面，如果你有:

non_pod_type* p = new non_pod_type();

你得到一个总是有效的指针，因为new创建了一个对象。

即使是POD类型，两者之间也有显著差异:

pod_type* p = (pod_type*) malloc(sizeof *p);
std::cout << p->foo;

这段代码将打印一个未指定的值，因为由malloc创建的POD对象没有初始化。

使用new，可以指定要调用的构造函数，从而获得定义良好的值。

pod_type* p = new pod_type();
std::cout << p->foo; // prints 0

如果你真的想要它，你可以使用use new来获得未初始化的POD对象。有关更多信息，请参阅另一个答案。

另一个区别是失败时的行为。当它分配内存失败时，malloc返回一个空指针，而new则抛出异常。

前者要求您在使用它之前测试返回的每个指针，而后者将始终产生有效的指针。

基于这些原因，在c++代码中应该使用new，而不是malloc。但即便如此，你也不应该“公开”使用新的内容，因为它会占用你以后需要发布的资源。当你使用new时，你应该立即将它的结果传递给一个资源管理类:

std::unique_ptr<T> p = std::unique_ptr<T>(new T()); // this won't leak

只使用malloc和free来分配将由以c为中心的库和api管理的内存。对你控制的所有东西使用new和delete(以及[]变量)。

malloc()在C语言中用于动态分配内存 而在c++中，同样的工作由new()完成。 所以你不能混合两种语言的编码习惯。 如果你问calloc和malloc()之间的差异，那就好了

简短的回答是:如果没有真正好的理由，不要在c++中使用malloc。malloc在与c++一起使用时有许多缺陷，而new定义是为了克服这些缺陷。

c++代码中新修正的缺陷

malloc is not typesafe in any meaningful way. In C++ you are required to cast the return from void*. This potentially introduces a lot of problems: #include <stdlib.h> struct foo { double d[5]; }; int main() { foo *f1 = malloc(1); // error, no cast foo *f2 = static_cast<foo*>(malloc(sizeof(foo))); foo *f3 = static_cast<foo*>(malloc(1)); // No error, bad } It's worse than that though. If the type in question is POD (plain old data) then you can semi-sensibly use malloc to allocate memory for it, as f2 does in the first example. It's not so obvious though if a type is POD. The fact that it's possible for a given type to change from POD to non-POD with no resulting compiler error and potentially very hard to debug problems is a significant factor. For example if someone (possibly another programmer, during maintenance, much later on were to make a change that caused foo to no longer be POD then no obvious error would appear at compile time as you'd hope, e.g.: struct foo { double d[5]; virtual ~foo() { } }; would make the malloc of f2 also become bad, without any obvious diagnostics. The example here is trivial, but it's possible to accidentally introduce non-PODness much further away (e.g. in a base class, by adding a non-POD member). If you have C++11/boost you can use is_pod to check that this assumption is correct and produce an error if it's not: #include <type_traits> #include <stdlib.h> foo *safe_foo_malloc() { static_assert(std::is_pod<foo>::value, "foo must be POD"); return static_cast<foo*>(malloc(sizeof(foo))); } Although boost is unable to determine if a type is POD without C++11 or some other compiler extensions. malloc returns NULL if allocation fails. new will throw std::bad_alloc. The behaviour of later using a NULL pointer is undefined. An exception has clean semantics when it is thrown and it is thrown from the source of the error. Wrapping malloc with an appropriate test at every call seems tedious and error prone. (You only have to forget once to undo all that good work). An exception can be allowed to propagate to a level where a caller is able to sensibly process it, where as NULL is much harder to pass back meaningfully. We could extend our safe_foo_malloc function to throw an exception or exit the program or call some handler: #include <type_traits> #include <stdlib.h> void my_malloc_failed_handler(); foo *safe_foo_malloc() { static_assert(std::is_pod<foo>::value, "foo must be POD"); foo *mem = static_cast<foo*>(malloc(sizeof(foo))); if (!mem) { my_malloc_failed_handler(); // or throw ... } return mem; } Fundamentally malloc is a C feature and new is a C++ feature. As a result malloc does not play nicely with constructors, it only looks at allocating a chunk of bytes. We could extend our safe_foo_malloc further to use placement new: #include <stdlib.h> #include <new> void my_malloc_failed_handler(); foo *safe_foo_malloc() { void *mem = malloc(sizeof(foo)); if (!mem) { my_malloc_failed_handler(); // or throw ... } return new (mem)foo(); } Our safe_foo_malloc function isn't very generic - ideally we'd want something that can handle any type, not just foo. We can achieve this with templates and variadic templates for non-default constructors: #include <functional> #include <new> #include <stdlib.h> void my_malloc_failed_handler(); template <typename T> struct alloc { template <typename ...Args> static T *safe_malloc(Args&&... args) { void *mem = malloc(sizeof(T)); if (!mem) { my_malloc_failed_handler(); // or throw ... } return new (mem)T(std::forward(args)...); } }; Now though in fixing all the issues we identified so far we've practically reinvented the default new operator. If you're going to use malloc and placement new then you might as well just use new to begin with!

要回答您的问题，您应该知道malloc和new之间的区别。区别很简单:

malloc分配内存，而new分配内存并调用要分配内存的对象的构造函数。

因此，除非仅限于使用C，否则永远不要使用malloc，特别是在处理c++对象时。这将会破坏你的程序。

free和delete的区别也是一样的。不同之处在于，delete除了释放内存外，还会调用对象的析构函数。