我的版本使用第一个，有一些错误检查…

BEGIN;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION reset_sequence(_table_schema text, _tablename text, _columnname text, _sequence_name text)
RETURNS pg_catalog.void AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
BEGIN
 PERFORM 1
 FROM information_schema.sequences
 WHERE
  sequence_schema = _table_schema AND
  sequence_name = _sequence_name;
 IF FOUND THEN
  EXECUTE 'SELECT setval( ''' || _table_schema || '.' || _sequence_name  || ''', ' || '(SELECT MAX(' || _columnname || ') FROM ' || _table_schema || '.' || _tablename || ')' || '+1)';
 ELSE
  RAISE WARNING 'SEQUENCE NOT UPDATED ON %.%', _tablename, _columnname;
 END IF;
END; 
$BODY$
 LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';

SELECT reset_sequence(table_schema, table_name, column_name, table_name || '_' || column_name || '_seq')
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE column_default LIKE 'nextval%';

DROP FUNCTION reset_sequence(_table_schema text, _tablename text, _columnname text, _sequence_name text) ;
COMMIT;

试着重建索引。

更新:正如评论中指出的，这是对最初问题的回答。

如果您在加载自定义SQL数据进行初始化时看到此错误，另一种避免此错误的方法是:

而不是写:

INSERT INTO book (id, name, price) VALUES (1 , 'Alchemist' , 10),

从初始数据中删除id(主键)

INSERT INTO book (name, price) VALUES ('Alchemist' , 10),

这使Postgres序列保持同步!

-- Login to psql and run the following

-- What is the result?
SELECT MAX(id) FROM your_table;

-- Then run...
-- This should be higher than the last result.
SELECT nextval('your_table_id_seq');

-- If it's not higher... run this set the sequence last to your highest id. 
-- (wise to run a quick pg_dump first...)

BEGIN;
-- protect against concurrent inserts while you update the counter
LOCK TABLE your_table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
-- Update the sequence
SELECT setval('your_table_id_seq', COALESCE((SELECT MAX(id)+1 FROM your_table), 1), false);
COMMIT;

来源- Ruby论坛

把它们放在一起

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION "reset_sequence" (tablename text) 
RETURNS "pg_catalog"."void" AS
$body$
DECLARE
BEGIN
  EXECUTE 'SELECT setval( pg_get_serial_sequence(''' || tablename || ''', ''id''),
  (SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id)+1,1) FROM ' || tablename || '), false)';
END;
$body$  LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';

将修复给定表的'id'序列(通常在django中是必要的)。

我建议在postgres wiki上找到这个解决方案。它更新表的所有序列。

SELECT 'SELECT SETVAL(' ||
       quote_literal(quote_ident(PGT.schemaname) || '.' || quote_ident(S.relname)) ||
       ', COALESCE(MAX(' ||quote_ident(C.attname)|| '), 1) ) FROM ' ||
       quote_ident(PGT.schemaname)|| '.'||quote_ident(T.relname)|| ';'
FROM pg_class AS S,
     pg_depend AS D,
     pg_class AS T,
     pg_attribute AS C,
     pg_tables AS PGT
WHERE S.relkind = 'S'
    AND S.oid = D.objid
    AND D.refobjid = T.oid
    AND D.refobjid = C.attrelid
    AND D.refobjsubid = C.attnum
    AND T.relname = PGT.tablename
ORDER BY S.relname;

如何使用(来自postgres wiki):

保存到一个文件，输入'reset。sql' 运行该文件并以不包括通常头的方式保存其输出，然后运行该输出。例子:

例子:

psql -Atq -f reset.sql -o temp
psql -f temp
rm temp

原文(也修复了序列所有权)在这里