如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
当前回答
你知道预期产量是多少吗?例如,这个可以吗?
>>> f = FileItem("/foo/bar")
>>> magic(f)
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
在这种情况下,你只需调用json.dumps(f.__dict__)。
如果您想要更多自定义输出,那么您必须继承JSONEncoder并实现您自己的自定义序列化。
对于一个简单的例子,请参见下面。
>>> from json import JSONEncoder
>>> class MyEncoder(JSONEncoder):
def default(self, o):
return o.__dict__
>>> MyEncoder().encode(f)
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
然后你把这个类作为cls kwarg传递给json.dumps()方法:
json.dumps(cls=MyEncoder)
如果还想解码,则必须向JSONDecoder类提供一个自定义object_hook。例如:
>>> def from_json(json_object):
if 'fname' in json_object:
return FileItem(json_object['fname'])
>>> f = JSONDecoder(object_hook = from_json).decode('{"fname": "/foo/bar"}')
>>> f
<__main__.FileItem object at 0x9337fac>
>>>
其他回答
我没有看到这里提到串行版本或backcompat,所以我将发布我的解决方案,我已经使用了一点。我可能还有很多东西要学习,特别是Java和Javascript可能比我更成熟,但我要这样做
https://gist.github.com/andy-d/b7878d0044a4242c0498ed6d67fd50fe
class DObject(json.JSONEncoder):
def delete_not_related_keys(self, _dict):
for key in ["skipkeys", "ensure_ascii", "check_circular", "allow_nan", "sort_keys", "indent"]:
try:
del _dict[key]
except:
continue
def default(self, o):
if hasattr(o, '__dict__'):
my_dict = o.__dict__.copy()
self.delete_not_related_keys(my_dict)
return my_dict
else:
return o
a = DObject()
a.name = 'abdul wahid'
b = DObject()
b.name = a
print(json.dumps(b, cls=DObject))
下面是一个简单功能的简单解决方案:
.toJSON()方法
实现一个序列化器方法,而不是一个JSON可序列化类:
import json
class Object:
def toJSON(self):
return json.dumps(self, default=lambda o: o.__dict__,
sort_keys=True, indent=4)
所以你只需调用它来序列化:
me = Object()
me.name = "Onur"
me.age = 35
me.dog = Object()
me.dog.name = "Apollo"
print(me.toJSON())
将输出:
{
"age": 35,
"dog": {
"name": "Apollo"
},
"name": "Onur"
}
我们经常在日志文件中转储JSON格式的复杂字典。虽然大多数字段携带重要信息,但我们不太关心内置的类对象(例如子进程)。Popen对象)。由于存在这些不可序列化的对象,对json.dumps()的调用会失败。
为了解决这个问题,我构建了一个小函数来转储对象的字符串表示形式,而不是转储对象本身。如果您正在处理的数据结构嵌套太多,您可以指定嵌套的最大级别/深度。
from time import time
def safe_serialize(obj , max_depth = 2):
max_level = max_depth
def _safe_serialize(obj , current_level = 0):
nonlocal max_level
# If it is a list
if isinstance(obj , list):
if current_level >= max_level:
return "[...]"
result = list()
for element in obj:
result.append(_safe_serialize(element , current_level + 1))
return result
# If it is a dict
elif isinstance(obj , dict):
if current_level >= max_level:
return "{...}"
result = dict()
for key , value in obj.items():
result[f"{_safe_serialize(key , current_level + 1)}"] = _safe_serialize(value , current_level + 1)
return result
# If it is an object of builtin class
elif hasattr(obj , "__dict__"):
if hasattr(obj , "__repr__"):
result = f"{obj.__repr__()}_{int(time())}"
else:
try:
result = f"{obj.__class__.__name__}_object_{int(time())}"
except:
result = f"object_{int(time())}"
return result
# If it is anything else
else:
return obj
return _safe_serialize(obj)
由于字典也可以有不可序列化的键,转储它们的类名或对象表示将导致所有键都具有相同的名称,这将抛出错误,因为所有键都需要有唯一的名称,这就是为什么当前时间Since epoch被int(time())附加到对象名称。
可以使用以下具有不同级别/深度的嵌套字典来测试该函数
d = {
"a" : {
"a1" : {
"a11" : {
"a111" : "some_value" ,
"a112" : "some_value" ,
} ,
"a12" : {
"a121" : "some_value" ,
"a122" : "some_value" ,
} ,
} ,
"a2" : {
"a21" : {
"a211" : "some_value" ,
"a212" : "some_value" ,
} ,
"a22" : {
"a221" : "some_value" ,
"a222" : "some_value" ,
} ,
} ,
} ,
"b" : {
"b1" : {
"b11" : {
"b111" : "some_value" ,
"b112" : "some_value" ,
} ,
"b12" : {
"b121" : "some_value" ,
"b122" : "some_value" ,
} ,
} ,
"b2" : {
"b21" : {
"b211" : "some_value" ,
"b212" : "some_value" ,
} ,
"b22" : {
"b221" : "some_value" ,
"b222" : "some_value" ,
} ,
} ,
} ,
"c" : subprocess.Popen("ls -l".split() , stdout = subprocess.PIPE , stderr = subprocess.PIPE) ,
}
执行以下命令将会得到-
print("LEVEL 3")
print(json.dumps(safe_serialize(d , 3) , indent = 4))
print("\n\n\nLEVEL 2")
print(json.dumps(safe_serialize(d , 2) , indent = 4))
print("\n\n\nLEVEL 1")
print(json.dumps(safe_serialize(d , 1) , indent = 4))
结果:
LEVEL 3
{
"a": {
"a1": {
"a11": "{...}",
"a12": "{...}"
},
"a2": {
"a21": "{...}",
"a22": "{...}"
}
},
"b": {
"b1": {
"b11": "{...}",
"b12": "{...}"
},
"b2": {
"b21": "{...}",
"b22": "{...}"
}
},
"c": "<Popen: returncode: None args: ['ls', '-l']>"
}
LEVEL 2
{
"a": {
"a1": "{...}",
"a2": "{...}"
},
"b": {
"b1": "{...}",
"b2": "{...}"
},
"c": "<Popen: returncode: None args: ['ls', '-l']>"
}
LEVEL 1
{
"a": "{...}",
"b": "{...}",
"c": "<Popen: returncode: None args: ['ls', '-l']>"
}
[注意]:仅在不关心内置类对象的序列化时使用此选项。
我喜欢Onur的答案,但会扩展到包括一个可选的toJSON()方法,用于对象序列化自己:
def dumper(obj):
try:
return obj.toJSON()
except:
return obj.__dict__
print json.dumps(some_big_object, default=dumper, indent=2)