我没有看到这里提到串行版本或backcompat，所以我将发布我的解决方案，我已经使用了一点。我可能还有很多东西要学习，特别是Java和Javascript可能比我更成熟，但我要这样做

https://gist.github.com/andy-d/b7878d0044a4242c0498ed6d67fd50fe

为了在10年前的火灾中再添加一个日志，我还将为这个任务提供数据类向导，假设您使用的是Python 3.6+。这可以很好地用于数据类，这实际上是3.7+版本的python内置模块。

dataclass-wizard库将把对象(及其所有属性递归地)转换为dict，并使用fromdict使反向(反序列化)非常简单。另外，这里是PyPi链接:https://pypi.org/project/dataclass-wizard/。

import dataclass_wizard
import dataclasses

@dataclasses.dataclass
class A:
    hello: str
    a_field: int

obj = A('world', 123)
a_dict = dataclass_wizard.asdict(obj)
# {'hello': 'world', 'aField': 123}

或者如果你想要一个字符串:

a_str = jsons.dumps(dataclass_wizard.asdict(obj))

或者您的类是否从dataclass_wizard扩展。JSONWizard:

a_str = your_object.to_json()

最后，标准库还支持Union类型的数据类，这基本上意味着可以将dict反序列化为类C1或C2的对象。例如:

from dataclasses import dataclass

from dataclass_wizard import JSONWizard

@dataclass
class Outer(JSONWizard):

    class _(JSONWizard.Meta):
        tag_key = 'tag'
        auto_assign_tags = True

    my_string: str
    inner: 'A | B'  # alternate syntax: `inner: typing.Union['A', 'B']`

@dataclass
class A:
    my_field: int

@dataclass
class B:
    my_field: str


my_dict = {'myString': 'test', 'inner': {'tag': 'B', 'myField': 'test'}}
obj = Outer.from_dict(my_dict)

# True
assert repr(obj) == "Outer(my_string='test', inner=B(my_field='test'))"

obj.to_json()
# {"myString": "test", "inner": {"myField": "test", "tag": "B"}}

对于更复杂的类，您可以考虑使用jsonpickle工具:

jsonpickle is a Python library for serialization and deserialization of complex Python objects to and from JSON. The standard Python libraries for encoding Python into JSON, such as the stdlib’s json, simplejson, and demjson, can only handle Python primitives that have a direct JSON equivalent (e.g. dicts, lists, strings, ints, etc.). jsonpickle builds on top of these libraries and allows more complex data structures to be serialized to JSON. jsonpickle is highly configurable and extendable–allowing the user to choose the JSON backend and add additional backends.

(链接到PyPi上的jsonpickle)

前几天我遇到了这个问题，并为Python对象实现了一个更通用的Encoder版本，可以处理嵌套对象和继承字段:

import json
import inspect

class ObjectEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        if hasattr(obj, "to_json"):
            return self.default(obj.to_json())
        elif hasattr(obj, "__dict__"):
            d = dict(
                (key, value)
                for key, value in inspect.getmembers(obj)
                if not key.startswith("__")
                and not inspect.isabstract(value)
                and not inspect.isbuiltin(value)
                and not inspect.isfunction(value)
                and not inspect.isgenerator(value)
                and not inspect.isgeneratorfunction(value)
                and not inspect.ismethod(value)
                and not inspect.ismethoddescriptor(value)
                and not inspect.isroutine(value)
            )
            return self.default(d)
        return obj

例子:

class C(object):
    c = "NO"
    def to_json(self):
        return {"c": "YES"}

class B(object):
    b = "B"
    i = "I"
    def __init__(self, y):
        self.y = y
        
    def f(self):
        print "f"

class A(B):
    a = "A"
    def __init__(self):
        self.b = [{"ab": B("y")}]
        self.c = C()

print json.dumps(A(), cls=ObjectEncoder, indent=2, sort_keys=True)

结果:

{
  "a": "A", 
  "b": [
    {
      "ab": {
        "b": "B", 
        "i": "I", 
        "y": "y"
      }
    }
  ], 
  "c": {
    "c": "YES"
  }, 
  "i": "I"
}

我们经常在日志文件中转储JSON格式的复杂字典。虽然大多数字段携带重要信息，但我们不太关心内置的类对象(例如子进程)。Popen对象)。由于存在这些不可序列化的对象，对json.dumps()的调用会失败。

为了解决这个问题，我构建了一个小函数来转储对象的字符串表示形式，而不是转储对象本身。如果您正在处理的数据结构嵌套太多，您可以指定嵌套的最大级别/深度。

from time import time

def safe_serialize(obj , max_depth = 2):

    max_level = max_depth

    def _safe_serialize(obj , current_level = 0):

        nonlocal max_level

        # If it is a list
        if isinstance(obj , list):

            if current_level >= max_level:
                return "[...]"

            result = list()
            for element in obj:
                result.append(_safe_serialize(element , current_level + 1))
            return result

        # If it is a dict
        elif isinstance(obj , dict):

            if current_level >= max_level:
                return "{...}"

            result = dict()
            for key , value in obj.items():
                result[f"{_safe_serialize(key , current_level + 1)}"] = _safe_serialize(value , current_level + 1)
            return result

        # If it is an object of builtin class
        elif hasattr(obj , "__dict__"):
            if hasattr(obj , "__repr__"):
                result = f"{obj.__repr__()}_{int(time())}"
            else:
                try:
                    result = f"{obj.__class__.__name__}_object_{int(time())}"
                except:
                    result = f"object_{int(time())}"
            return result

        # If it is anything else
        else:
            return obj

    return _safe_serialize(obj)

由于字典也可以有不可序列化的键，转储它们的类名或对象表示将导致所有键都具有相同的名称，这将抛出错误，因为所有键都需要有唯一的名称，这就是为什么当前时间Since epoch被int(time())附加到对象名称。

可以使用以下具有不同级别/深度的嵌套字典来测试该函数

d = {
    "a" : {
        "a1" : {
            "a11" : {
                "a111" : "some_value" ,
                "a112" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
            "a12" : {
                "a121" : "some_value" ,
                "a122" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
        } ,
        "a2" : {
            "a21" : {
                "a211" : "some_value" ,
                "a212" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
            "a22" : {
                "a221" : "some_value" ,
                "a222" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
        } ,
    } ,
    "b" : {
        "b1" : {
            "b11" : {
                "b111" : "some_value" ,
                "b112" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
            "b12" : {
                "b121" : "some_value" ,
                "b122" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
        } ,
        "b2" : {
            "b21" : {
                "b211" : "some_value" ,
                "b212" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
            "b22" : {
                "b221" : "some_value" ,
                "b222" : "some_value" ,
            } ,
        } ,
    } ,
    "c" : subprocess.Popen("ls -l".split() , stdout = subprocess.PIPE , stderr = subprocess.PIPE) ,
}

执行以下命令将会得到-

print("LEVEL 3")
print(json.dumps(safe_serialize(d , 3) , indent = 4))

print("\n\n\nLEVEL 2")
print(json.dumps(safe_serialize(d , 2) , indent = 4))

print("\n\n\nLEVEL 1")
print(json.dumps(safe_serialize(d , 1) , indent = 4))

结果:

LEVEL 3
{
    "a": {
        "a1": {
            "a11": "{...}",
            "a12": "{...}"
        },
        "a2": {
            "a21": "{...}",
            "a22": "{...}"
        }
    },
    "b": {
        "b1": {
            "b11": "{...}",
            "b12": "{...}"
        },
        "b2": {
            "b21": "{...}",
            "b22": "{...}"
        }
    },
    "c": "<Popen: returncode: None args: ['ls', '-l']>"
}



LEVEL 2
{
    "a": {
        "a1": "{...}",
        "a2": "{...}"
    },
    "b": {
        "b1": "{...}",
        "b2": "{...}"
    },
    "c": "<Popen: returncode: None args: ['ls', '-l']>"
}



LEVEL 1
{
    "a": "{...}",
    "b": "{...}",
    "c": "<Popen: returncode: None args: ['ls', '-l']>"
}

[注意]:仅在不关心内置类对象的序列化时使用此选项。

Jsonweb似乎是我的最佳解决方案。参见http://www.jsonweb.info/en/latest/

from jsonweb.encode import to_object, dumper

@to_object()
class DataModel(object):
  def __init__(self, id, value):
   self.id = id
   self.value = value

>>> data = DataModel(5, "foo")
>>> dumper(data)
'{"__type__": "DataModel", "id": 5, "value": "foo"}'