如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
当前回答
Kyle Delaney的评论是正确的,所以我尝试使用https://stackoverflow.com/a/15538391/1497139以及https://stackoverflow.com/a/10254820/1497139的改进版本
创建一个“JSONAble”mixin。
因此,要使一个类JSON可序列化使用“JSONAble”作为超类,并调用:
instance.toJSON()
or
instance.asJSON()
对于这两种方法。您还可以使用本文提供的其他方法扩展JSONAble类。
家庭和个人单元测试样本的测试示例结果如下:
toJSOn ():
{
"members": {
"Flintstone,Fred": {
"firstName": "Fred",
"lastName": "Flintstone"
},
"Flintstone,Wilma": {
"firstName": "Wilma",
"lastName": "Flintstone"
}
},
"name": "The Flintstones"
}
asJSOn ():
{'name': 'The Flintstones', 'members': {'Flintstone,Fred': {'firstName': 'Fred', 'lastName': 'Flintstone'}, 'Flintstone,Wilma': {'firstName': 'Wilma', 'lastName': 'Flintstone'}}}
使用家庭和个人样本进行单元测试
def testJsonAble(self):
family=Family("The Flintstones")
family.add(Person("Fred","Flintstone"))
family.add(Person("Wilma","Flintstone"))
json1=family.toJSON()
json2=family.asJSON()
print(json1)
print(json2)
class Family(JSONAble):
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
self.members={}
def add(self,person):
self.members[person.lastName+","+person.firstName]=person
class Person(JSONAble):
def __init__(self,firstName,lastName):
self.firstName=firstName;
self.lastName=lastName;
JSONAble .py定义JSONAble mixin
'''
Created on 2020-09-03
@author: wf
'''
import json
class JSONAble(object):
'''
mixin to allow classes to be JSON serializable see
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3768895/how-to-make-a-class-json-serializable
'''
def __init__(self):
'''
Constructor
'''
def toJSON(self):
return json.dumps(self, default=lambda o: o.__dict__,
sort_keys=True, indent=4)
def getValue(self,v):
if (hasattr(v, "asJSON")):
return v.asJSON()
elif type(v) is dict:
return self.reprDict(v)
elif type(v) is list:
vlist=[]
for vitem in v:
vlist.append(self.getValue(vitem))
return vlist
else:
return v
def reprDict(self,srcDict):
'''
get my dict elements
'''
d = dict()
for a, v in srcDict.items():
d[a]=self.getValue(v)
return d
def asJSON(self):
'''
recursively return my dict elements
'''
return self.reprDict(self.__dict__)
您将发现这些方法现在集成在https://github.com/WolfgangFahl/pyLoDStorage项目中,该项目可在https://pypi.org/project/pylodstorage/上获得
其他回答
另一种选择是将JSON转储打包到它自己的类中:
import json
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
def __repr__(self):
return json.dumps(self.__dict__)
或者,更好的是,从JsonSerializable类继承FileItem类:
import json
class JsonSerializable(object):
def toJson(self):
return json.dumps(self.__dict__)
def __repr__(self):
return self.toJson()
class FileItem(JsonSerializable):
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
测试:
>>> f = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> f.toJson()
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
>>> f
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
>>> str(f) # string coercion
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
这是一个小库,它将一个对象及其所有子对象序列化为JSON,并将其解析回来:
https://github.com/tobiasholler/PyJSONSerialization/
import simplejson
class User(object):
def __init__(self, name, mail):
self.name = name
self.mail = mail
def _asdict(self):
return self.__dict__
print(simplejson.dumps(User('alice', 'alice@mail.com')))
如果使用标准json,则需要定义一个默认函数
import json
def default(o):
return o._asdict()
print(json.dumps(User('alice', 'alice@mail.com'), default=default))
除了Onur的答案,你可能想要处理如下的datetime类型。(以便处理:'datetime. time.)Datetime对象没有属性dict异常。)
def datetime_option(value):
if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
return value.timestamp()
else:
return value.__dict__
用法:
def toJSON(self):
return json.dumps(self, default=datetime_option, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
class DObject(json.JSONEncoder):
def delete_not_related_keys(self, _dict):
for key in ["skipkeys", "ensure_ascii", "check_circular", "allow_nan", "sort_keys", "indent"]:
try:
del _dict[key]
except:
continue
def default(self, o):
if hasattr(o, '__dict__'):
my_dict = o.__dict__.copy()
self.delete_not_related_keys(my_dict)
return my_dict
else:
return o
a = DObject()
a.name = 'abdul wahid'
b = DObject()
b.name = a
print(json.dumps(b, cls=DObject))